Purtsuit or Happyness: True Story Essay

Christopher Paul Gardner (born February 9, 1954 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is a self-made millionaire, entrepreneur, motivational speaker, and philanthropist who, during the early 1980s, struggled with homelessness while raising his toddler son, Christopher, Jr. Gardner’s book of memoirs, The Pursuit of Happyness, was published in May 2006. As of 2006, he is CEO of his own stockbrokerage firm, Gardner Rich & Co, based in Chicago, Illinois, where he resides when he is not living in New York City. Gardner credits his tenacity and success to the â€Å"spiritual genetics† handed down to him by his mother, Bettye Jean Triplett, nà ©e Gardner,[2][3][4] and to the high expectations placed on him by his children, son Chris Jr. (born 1981) and daughter Jacintha (born 1985). Gardner’s personal struggle of establishing himself as a stockbroker while managing fatherhood and homelessness is portrayed in the 2006 motion picture The Pursuit of Happyness, starring Will Smith. The movie, starring Will Smith, Thandie Newton, and Smith’s son Jaden Smith, focused on Gardner’s nearly one-year struggle with homelessness. The movie grossed $163 million domestically at the box office and over $300 million worldwide, also one of Will Smith’s consecutive $100 million blockbusters. The movie took some liberties with Gardner’s true life story. Certain details and events that actually took place over the span of several years were compressed into a relatively short time and although eight-year-old Jaden portrayed Chris Jr. as a five year-old, Gardner’s son was just a toddler at the time. Chris Gardner reportedly thought Smith—an actor best known for his performances in action movies—was miscast to play him. However, he said his daughter Jacintha â€Å"set him straight† by saying, â€Å"If Smith can play Muhammad Ali, he can play you!† Gardner makes a cameo appearance in the film, walking past Will and Jaden in the final scene. Gardner and Will acknowledge each other; Will then looks back at Gardner walking away as his son proceeds to tell him knock knock jokes. Pursuit of Happyness: Questions 1. Identify some of the challenges that Chris Gardner faced when trying to sell his bone-density scanners. 2. What were some of the challenges that Chris’s wife Linda had to face? 3. List some of the risks that Chris Gardner faced in getting the job at Dean Witter. 4. What would result if Chris had given up on his dream of getting a job at Dean Witter? 5. Summarize some of the difficulties that Chris had to face while training at Dean Witter. 6. Did Christopher (Chris Gardner’s son) face challenges during this time? Identify some of those challenges. 7. List some of the alternatives that Chris and his son could have done to make their life better. 8. Explain how Chris felt at the beginning, middle, and end of the story. 9. Select parts of the story that were the funniest, saddest, happiest, and most unbelievable. 10. Select an action of one of the characters that was exactly the same as something you would have done. Part 3: Essay: Write a half page response to the following writing prompt. How can you take the lessons learned in watching this film to your life?

The Love Suicides

In The Love Suicides, Ritter by Classmate Anemones and considered to be a masterpiece, many complications arise In this romantic and dramatic tragedy that demonstrates a most complex look at love. In this essay, I will delve Into the symbolism of the work, the significances of the characters' actions, the cultural differences from those that I am accustomed, and my viewpoint of the fatal ending. The Love Suicides is set in a Snakeskin, Japan tea house in 1720 and is a great favorite of the Japanese stage.It tells the calamitous story of Jessie, a paper merchant and his lover, Koura, a prostitute. This story Is about the moral and social code ender which the townsmen lived at the time, with the status of merchants being lower than that of the samurai class. Even though considered to be a lower class, the townsmen had developed a firm ethical code whereby in order for your business to prosper, your financial and personal obligations had to be met first. Jessie is married to his cousin, San, and is tormented by his sense of duty to his family and tormented by his love for Koura.The story opens with Koura secretly meeting a â€Å"samurai customer,† while dodging Ethel. A wealthy man who Is attempting to buy her contract and take her as his own. Koura does not like Tahiti and wants no part of him. In trying to understand Tahiti, I can only imagine that he feels. Tahiti is a rich guy who loves this woman but she in love with another man who happens to be married and the father of two children. The â€Å"samurai customer† walks in wearing a wicker hat concealing his face.The samurai Is actually Jewel's brother, Magneto, a flour merchant, who has come Into the tea house to meet Koura. However, Ethel believes him to be Jell, whom he despises and begins to speak negatively about him attempting to defame him and ruin his reputation in the eyes of Koura. Tahiti continues to rant about Sissies occupation as a paper merchant, putting him down incessantly. The à ¢â‚¬Å"samurai waited patiently for his turn with Koura, and finally Tahiti left, but left her depressed and In deep thought about her love, Jill.This only makes the â€Å"samurai† even angrier because after being very irritated at all of the commotion Ethel had made, he soul Is not getting any service as a guest of the establishment. The â€Å"samurai† is getting angry with Koura for neglecting him, and she begins to tell him that she's been afraid of dying ever since Jessie asked her to omit a love suicide. Unbeknownst to Koura,Jessie is outside eavesdropping, having gone to visit her after hearing that she was meeting a samurai costumer. Jessie has been with Koura for almost two years and everyone knows it.He begins to wonder If the two years had been a lie. Jell Is so Infuriated at this point that he tries house. In an effort to defend Koura, the â€Å"samurai† grabs hold of the Sissies hand through the latticework and ties him up. Tahiti returns and sees Jes sie tied up outside the window and seizes his opportunity to beat him up, while calling him a thief trying to rob the place. The samurai comes to Sissies defense and starts assaulting Tahiti, causing him to run away. It was then that the samurai revealed himself to be Sissies brother.Magneto begins to pour his heart out to his brother, telling him how his affair with Koura has Just about destroyed his family and tarnished his own reputation. Jessie understands and tells his brother that he is ending his relationship with Koura, wanting to destroy all of the love letters that were exchanged between himself and Koura. Magneto takes all of them and finds a note from San, Sissies wife, addressed to Koura. What are the limits of love? In this story so far, boundaries have been pushed and emotions have run high. Sissies brother is clearly there out of love for his family and for his brother.When the reputation of your family and your own is at risk then this is the point where a serious d ecision has to be made on what your future actions will be. San actually starts to feel sorry for Koura and the situation the she is in, loving a married man (her husband) and has a contract on her by someone who she doesn't love. San wants Jessie to go and save Koura from committing suicide. She wants him to pay the ransom to get her out of the contract. Jessie tells San that the price is very high so San gets half of the money and tells Jessie to pawn all of the family fine garments to make up the other half.These family garments are the nicest and most valuable items at the time to own. These are thick silk and patterned clothing that have been passed down through the generations. Why does San care that much about a woman that is sleeping with her husband? These are the cultural difference that have made this one of the best stories and is still in books today. When Son's father, Agamemnon hears that San was willing to ell the family garments to save her husband's mistress, he fo rbids it and demands that Jessie divorces his daughter and takes San away.In the meantime Magneto is running around looking everywhere for his brother. Jessie hides from Magneto, watching and listening sadly to his brother's anguish and pain. Jessie sneaks back to the tea house and gets Koura and they take off to Maxima, knowing that their lives would end soon and decide that they will die at the Adagio Temple, the perfect place for their love suicide. Jessie and Shark's decision to kill themselves is quite stubbing to me. The thought of committing suicide in the western word is extremely taboo.In many eastern societies, it is considered an honorable way to die. I believe suicide to be a cowardly act. Jessie isn't thinking about his wife or his children, only himself. Jessie tells Koura that he has divorced San, but still out of respect for her they will not to die together, saving San the shame of how it will look. At dawn, the fateful couple prepare for death. Jessie stabs and kil ls Koura with a knife and then hangs himself by Jumping off a sluice gate with a noose around his neck. They die in the belief that they would share the next life together in happiness.A teaching of Buddha is that those who commit suicide for love will be together in the next life to come. As for me, this is a story of impulsiveness, heightened emotions, and human frailties. Jessie was torn between two opposing worlds, one of duty and the It is true that love is a most powerful emotion and can make some people commit some of the most irrational, unfathomable, illogical, incomprehensible, hopeless, desperate and deadly acts imaginable. In the case of Jessie and Koura, they did it for love.

Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates - Essay Example The balance of payments comprises all of the economic transactions between members of one country and members of all other countries. This includes any trade of goods and services, investments, payments and loans. The balance of payments is made up of several accounts. The current account includes goods trade, services trade, income and transfers of ownership. The capital account includes transfers of assets and acquisitions. The financial account is made up of direct investments into the country, portfolio investments, and various investments. In order to balance out the current and financial accounts should offset each other (Moffett, Stonehill, Eiteman 2006, 73). When there is more money coming in than going out balance of payments will be in surplus, and when more money has gone out than come in there will be a deficit. This is what can affect exchange rates as we will see below. Exchange rates are the value of one country's currency in relation to that of another country's currency. In other words how much is your unit of currency worth in another country's unit of currency. Exchange rates reflect the supply and demand for a country's currency in the world market. However some governments, depending on their monetary policy, may seek to ensure their currency has a certain value in the market. A country with a fixed exchange rate policy maintains a set level for their currency by using reserves to either buy up excess currency so flood the market with currency when there is a demand. Floating exchange rate countries let the market determine their exchange rate; this is normally done by a country with a strong economy. A country operating on a managed float uses factors such as interest rates in order to influence the price or their currency in the market and keep it around a certain level. A government's monetary policy can influence the effect that balance of payments has on exchange rates. Linkages There are significant links between a country's balance of payments and exchange rates. As Layton, Robinson and Tucker (2005, 56) point out "Each transaction recorded in the balance of payments requires an exchange of one country's currency for that of another." The level of a country's exchange rate has an impact on the balance of payments and vice versa. Surplus in the balance of payments usually means that the demand for a country's currency is greater than supply; on the other hand a deficit in balance of payments indicates there is too much of a country's currency in the market. How significant an impact depends on a country's exchange rate regime (Moffett, Stonehill, Eiteman 2006,

Managing risk through a global capital strategy. Financial situations Research Paper

Managing risk through a global capital strategy. Financial situations of hospitals (especially in US) - Research Paper Example Back in 1958 in the Economic Review Modigliani and Miller proposed two very different optimal capital structures and since then there has been much debate going on as to what exactly is an optimal capital structure. Their first proposition concludes that in economic equilibrium conditions and perfect capital markets on which there is no tax liability, a firm is independent of an optimal capital structure to maximize its value. Five years after that, in 1963, they propose a different theory stating that introduction of corporate taxes provides a tax shield for debt that can escort a firm that is financed with 100% of debt. This props further questions like; aren’t firms wasting tons of money in tax payment to underuse debts (assumptions are; bankruptcy costs moderately) or other factors can take part in diminishing debt’s tax advantage? One such factor is the personal-corporate tax interaction where slightly different treatment of equity and debt (at personal level) that lessens the observed debt value. Corporate tax advantage is fractionally balanced by personal tax disadvantage by paying interest payments (Miller, 1977). The good thing is it confirms to both Miller and Modigliani. If there are no tax disadvantages then debt level returns back to the levels defined back in 1963. On the other side, advantages of debt get terminated by terminating personal equity tax. Personal income tax rate becomes equal to marginal corporate rate while suffering losses at corporate level. Probably in the long run, a capital structure under these forces may not be of much help in explaining the phenomenon of optimism but when tax code and variations are considered, business risks help explain the short term optimal capital structure of a firm. The capital structures constructed by health care providers have both negative and positive effects on the hospital business and success of organization. These capital structures built by combinations of debt and equity are now relatively modified as compared to previous decades’. In the aftermath of financial crisis of 2007-2008, the volatile situation of stock market, interest rate indexes, innovations in financial products especially in OTC markets for bonds and derivatives and changing dimensions of credit markets present a new challenge for providers. Specification of thesis – main point   What is an optimal capital structure and what are the ways to determine an optimal capital structure of a firm? And how risk can be managed through a global capital structure? Risk is present all the time, in capital markets, which affects the capital structure of firms. So instead of avoiding it, a better strategy is to have well managed capital strategy in place. c) Three supporting opinions/reasons   1. Enterprise Risk Management Balance sheet risk management will always remain most important in overall financial risk management. A well established and well operated risk management for treas ury practices is the major force in mitigating the financial stress of a balance sheet risk. Hospitals and health care facilities have different profiles and risk/return objectives with different market share and risk exposures, therefore there isn’t a standard capital structure that fits all. Every hospital and health care facility will need to have their custom made. One move that definitely fits almost all health care providers is to have a global capital strategy. A strong liquidity packed with position low forward capital needs would probably call for floating rate debt and appropriate interest rate

Protection of Fundamental Rights in EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Protection of Fundamental Rights in EU - Essay Example In most of the European countries, these rights have already been there. Some of the erstwhile communist countries naturally did not have many civil liberties, but with the fall of Communism in Europe, these rights have been restored. What made the European union fundamental rights unique was that the rights are equal to all, disregarding the race, colour, ethnicity and nationality. The political leanings of the countries too did not matter any more. These rights have come as a gift to many of these countries, which have not seen much of fundamental rights for a long time. It also has given an additional dignity to the European Union and its citizens, an identity of their own, a distinguished existence. "Conscious of its spiritual and moral heritage, the Union is founded on the indivisible, universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity; it is based on the principles of democracy and the rule of law. It places the individual at the heart of its activities, by establishing the citizenship of the Union and by creating an area of freedom, security and justice4". Human dignity, Right to life, Right to the integrity of the person, Prohibition of torture or inhuman treatment, Prohibition of slavery and forced labour, Right to Liberty and Security, respect for private and family life, protection of personal data, right to marry and right to found a family, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression and information, freedom of assembly and of association, freedom of the arts and sciences, right to education are just to name a few. European countries always had fundamental rights and liberties5; only they had never taken a consistent form of a group or a union. Fundamental rights have really empowered the European union citizens and to see that, there is no other better place than European Court of Justice where the citizens vociferously fight for these new rights that have become theirs now. With this, EU has tried to wipe out centuries of inner struggles, bitter wars and unending conflicts. It has also tried to wipe out the racial discrimination, and elimination like that of Jews. It is a great step in human rights, where all citizens were awarded the same enshrined rights without any prejudice or favour. There is no doubt that European Union is rather obsessed about these rights and the Court of Justice attaches tremendous importance to them. There are various reasons for this obsession. European Union is not a body with an authority; this means, it does not have a divine, inherited right to be there, like a monarchy. As it does not belong to any particular country, it also does not have a chosen right, or a right of authority. European Union itself is a created institution, created for future safeguarding of European countries, as a last resort to save Europe from inner bickering that had not only led to many wars, but two all consuming World Wars, bringing countries all over the world into its orbit. It had also witnessed an extremely bloody French Revolution, an equally unpleasant Russian revolution that led into communism and a considerable number of Eastern European countries

Energy Expenditure and Lab Report Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Energy Expenditure and Lab Report Guide - Essay Example In this case, the kilocalorie percentage was 26.3 percent from carbohydrate, and 73.7 percent from fat. The total energy expenditure from carbohydrate equaled 14.71 kilocalories multiplied by the 26.3 percent of the total kilocalories from carbohydrate, in the end equaling 3.87 kilocalories from cholesterol alone. The total energy expenditure from fat equaled 14.71 kilocalories multiplied by the 26.3 percent kilocalories solely from fat; in the end 10.84 kilocalories were from fat. The 10-min oxygen consumption, while exercising for our subject, was equal to 25.39 VO2 L/m. The average RER during our subjects exercise was .8952. The formula that was needed to calculate respiratory exercise ratio during exercise was the average Carbon dioxide production (VCO2) during exercise divided by the average oxygen consumption (VO2). When the RER sums up to .8952 the caloric equivalent to this was 4.924 kilocalories per liquid oxygen. Gross energy expenditure during exercise is calculated by taking 25.39-oxygen consumption multiplied by 4.924 caloric equivalents equaling a total of 125.02 kilocalories. The net energy expenditure of our subject that was 125.02 equals Gross energy expenditure plus the resting energy expenditure equals 139.73. To calculate the total resting energy expenditure derived from carbohydrate and fat you take the RER and find the percentage kilocalorie for both of them. The percentage kilocalorie that derived from carbohydrate was 67.5. The percentage kilocalorie that came from fat was 32.5. The energy expenditure from carbohydrates equaled to 139.73 kilocalories multiplied by 67.5 percent equaling a total of 74.07 kilocalories deriving from carbohydrates. The energy expenditure from fat equals 139.73 kilocalories multiplied by 32.5 percent equaling a total of 45.41 kilocalories from fat. This sort of testing can be applied

Organisation & Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Organisation & Behaviour - Essay Example een studied by taking into consideration a multinational company, namely Goldman Sachs and a domestic business based in UK, namely Carrington Carr Group. The ways in which organization behaviour have been able to influence the business performance of Goldman Sachs and Carrington Carr have been compared in this work. The leadership style and the motivational approaches followed in these companies have been studied to determine their impacts on the individual and group behaviour in the workplace. The role of technology in effective functioning of the business teams especially in case of wide spread business units have been studied in this work. Based on the comparative evaluation of the two organizations and the behaviour of their employees in the workplace, the key factors for influencing the organizational behaviour and long term value of the business has been recommended. The two organizations chosen for this discussion or organization and behaviour are Goldman Sachs and Carrington Carr Group. Carrington Carr Group is the domestic company that is based in UK while Goldman Sachs is the multinational company in the same industry that deals with the products of financial services, wealth management, investment and insurance. Goldman Sachs is a leading investment bank that provides financial services in the form of investment management and wealth management services to its clients and includes a wide range of products including mutual funds, asset portfolio with a mix of debt, equity, insurance products, etc. Goldman Sachs is headquartered in US with its business spread across various countries all over the world offering investment services and advisory services in the areas of wealth management, protection, etc. The organizational structure of Goldman Sachs reveals that the US based investment banker and financial advisor is governed by a Board of Directors that is headed by their Chairman and Chief Executive Officer with as many as 13 members in the Board. The

A Critical Analysis of the Implementation and Development of Clinical Term Paper

A Critical Analysis of the Implementation and Development of Clinical Supervision in the Workplace, a Professional and Personal Account - Term Paper Example The current environment for the clinics contains many forces such as increased customer expectations, steeper competition and public sector agency pressures that demanded unprecedented levels of change. Clinics are taking serious measures to improve their performance in relation to their competitors. One of the efforts that they adopt is to improve is the quality of their services. This effort had significant results in the cost-cutting of the clinics' expenses and higher customer satisfaction. The five service quality dimension -- tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy -- is important for a clinic today. If without one of the service dimension, it could be the effect on the whole clinic's organization management, and indirectly it will give the bad corporate image from the public view. In a technology age today, the clinic must keep up-to-date on improving new bio equipment or bio-instrumental facilities in a clinic. By having the new high tech equipment and facilities in a clinic, it can give confidence and trustfulness to patients. Besides that, clinics also responsive to the patient's needs, if fail to respond in a second of time, it may losing a human life. By the way, the clinic staffs, doctors and nurse must always give the concentration or empathy on the patient and customers needs, because it can affect building trustfulness within customers/patients and organization. Clinical supervision sits at the heart of the UK Government's agenda for improving the quality of service delivery (Department of Health, 1997, 1998, 1999). The practice in the workplace was introduced as a way of using reflective practice and shared experiences as a part of continuing professional development.  

3 concepts about sociology in the narrative Living in McMinden Essay

3 concepts about sociology in the narrative Living in McMinden - Essay Example Gender socialization is the tendency for boys and girls to be socialized differently. Boys are raised to conform to the male gender role, and girls are raised to conform to the female gender role. A gender role is a set of behaviors, attitudes, and personality characteristics expected and encouraged of a person based on his or her sex. Gender socialization is often reinforced by the family, education, work and mass media. The statement in the narrative which exemplifies this concept was through the views of Suzanne Diedrich, a divorced mother. She said, â€Å"It is a rough world for both men and women, but men are supposed to be tough. I want my boys to be tough, like my Daddy was.† From this statement, it is obvious that Ms. Diedrich believed that boys are the â€Å"stronger† sex. Boys are viewed as the ones who are more physically active than girls. Even in our daily lives, we can observe that boys are usually given balls or baseball bats as presents while girls are g iven dolls or kitchen toys.

Gender differentiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gender differentiation - Essay Example Throughout the years, gender is a sensitive and controversial topic of discussion as it borders from its political correctness to the personal opinions of different people. Gender is part of everyone’s lives, it is an important concept that everyone can relate to.One of the most promising aspects of sociological studies is in the realm of gender. Every other person is affected by this concept, whatever the gender of the person may be. Throughout the years, gender is a sensitive and controversial topic of discussion as it borders from its political correctness to the personal opinions of different people. Gender is part of everyone’s lives, it is an important concept that everyone can relate to. With this, gender has been associated with different aspects of differentiation within the society, whether it be on a micro-level, such as family responsibilities, to a more macro-level that impacts the society, like employment. This paper will explore the different relations of gender with the society. Gender plays an important role in the different aspects of the society. Gender, in fact, can direct changes to the norms of the society. Gender is not only significant in one’s personal identification but also an important aspect in one’s relation with the society, based mainly on cultural differences. Gender is related to the concept of sex although it is to be emphasized that they are not interchangeable with each other. Sex is more of a biological concept while gender is more of a social concept. The issue of gender identity has been more prominent nowadays as the world faces different social transformations. This can be seen through employment patterns and parenthood (Diaz-Andreu & Lucy, 10). Social identification and personal point of view on identity are important aspects of living. It becomes our mark on the world, and it becomes how we are known for. Although social identification is largely associated with the society, it has a bearin g in one’s personal view of identity. Knowing one’s gender or being identified in such manner is important on how one lives his life. Social acceptance of gender identities is also significant in the personal and social growth of an individual. This is where identity starts, on how one sees himself as seen by his community. This is an important aspect of developing personal growth, and since one’s personal growth affects the society, then it becomes an important aspect in the growth (or stagnation) of the social views of the community. Gender is an important concept in the social world. It shapes identities, not only of the individual but of the society as well. Gender affects how one views himself and other people. It is an important aspect in social interaction. Gender, in fact, shapes social interaction, depending on how one individual sees other people and how one behaves towards another. Gender also impacts social institutions as it creates new concepts and new social rules and practices significant enough to change the society’s perspective. Society and gender cannot be discussed without one another as one concept affects the other. This is an important note to be remembered as the study of gender develops. As one understands gender, one needs to understand the social world and vice versa. Both concepts develop within one another’s changes. Unlike before, gender is related more on the cultural perceptions rather than biological setup of an individual. Sexuality has evolved to a socially constructed concept. Gender is defined to be the psychological, social and cultural aspect of maleness and femaleness (Wharton, 6). This implies that socialization has a big impact on gender identification. The concept of gender is a process, it changes between the years of its study. Prior to recent developments, gender is closely related to the biological and social concept of sexuality. This shows that gender is not a fixed concept. I t varies from the cultural and social perspectives of its study. As it encompasses all individuals of all social structures, gender is a multilevel phenomenon (Wharton, 7). Social processes and social institutions both shape and are shaped by gender. The study of gender has opened the roads to the study of feminism. In fact, most gender studies are about females than males. But gender is not only

Terms of my knowledge Essay Example for Free

Terms of my knowledge Essay In answering to handout 6, I would like to begin with stating that cognitive is private, yet I believe it is psychologys job investigate the phenomenon. To that extent I will use all my acquired knowledge from this class to discuss my interpretations and doubts with handout 6. For the most part I agree that we have set boundaries on what is me or you, although I am having trouble understanding the concept in terms of my knowledge. But I am aware that in order for me to identify me as a self then the other people must have selfs too, yet I do not know if this is was the handout is trying to explain. I believe this is like the idea that if there is good, there must be evil, for one cannot exist without the other. For example, Watson believed the mind was associated with the idea of a soul, which did not fit into science. He wanted scientific results and reactions all of which the mind had no power over and could not do. For Watson the mind could not think because thinking was not observable, therefore he did not accept the mind in this theory. In addition, Watson despised the notion of mind because it gave meaning to self , which also had no place in science. In this sense, Watson wanted to use matter and energy that were useful to him and produced visible results. He had no use for spirits and ideas because those were nothing, and consisted of conjugated notions that people had identities. For this matter he did not like the self set boundaries because they too were not visible. Like in Dr. Wapners story is cognitive because it is based on one individual personal experience. His feelings and emotions for scientific proposes in the story were not observable which means that Watson, would have rejected the story from any psychology class. The story is an example of desire, which can only be felt by the self/ mind and is identifiable by human cognition. The story was written in with a certain identity and acknowledgment of self that became evident in Dr. Wapners need to diet and skip desserts. In addition to the emotions of anticipation, shock, nerves, and anxiety transpired throughout the story are all synonymous to the mind. The cravings observed by the fact that the Eskimo Pie had been secretly hidden for emergencies gave the notion that the self needed comfort in knowing it had support. Whereas behaviorist would have dismissed the cravings in the story because they are unattainable, like the mind and have no scientific base. In addition to Dr. Wapner feeling pressure of not having dessert was building up inside him. The ice cream was needed to function and Dr. Wapners awareness of his need for ice cream was cognitive privacy. I will use Dr. Wapner story because I can really distort it apart and it works well in my paper. But Dr. Wapners need for dessert was private from all the members of his family, and although there was an advantage to his cognitive privacy this can back fire. It is important to note that have is ability because it first, allows us to have selfs. Second it gives people the opportunity to be individuals, or like the handout stated; have more than meets the eye. If people had no boundaries then we as humans would be all part of one gigantic identity, and that as we all know cannot be true. Psychologists in fact dig into those deep thoughts that are not visible to help people with various problems. I have a hard time believing that things and objects have identities separate for what humans are. In fact, I agree that our ( human) identity is more complex than that of a pencil, who is to say what degree of identity an object can have without being it. Form my perspective a pencil is a writing tool that I use, but the pencil might say it is a tool that uses me. I can very simply identify myself as having an identity and be able to distinguish a pencil from a pen, but who is to say that is was not the pencil who distinguishes it self. I am trying to agree that just because we as people have selfs and identities that does not make other objects lesser than us. I believe that in psychology, although it is the study of the mind, we are very self centered and concentrate too much on the small things. As people we are so ego centric that we many time fail to see beyond was our perception and eyes show us, but that topic is for a different paper. Moving on to our self identity and how we define it, I will use my one year old son as an example since he is on the verge of defining his persona. Although it is true that he still has not fully developed a sense of time or space, and that many times he will act on his impulse without regard to the world around him. He is slowly learning how not to do certain things which may have a bad result. For example, I have been teaching him to eat fruit and he has caught on well and likes most fruits accept for oranges. He is very good at eating very thing I give him but he has now learned to differentiate the orange when he looks at it. And every time he see it, hell make a funny face like if I had given him lemon. Now I realized this is something small, but he is developing self identity and he is now telling me what he likes and does not like. I think it is important for psychology to be aware a notion of the self and identity. I do not know if I am right on the spot which is what Dr. Wapner wanted me to understand. I would really like to know if I am on the right track, because it is important for me understand this so that I can incorporate it into my life. I am a strong believer of self identity and believe it is the essence of psychology, and I believe it because I see in my of son. In the last few papers I have written, I really bashed on Watson but I will admit he did try to make psychology real and honest. In all I have learned in this class self-identification as been the most valuable to me in my life. I am also aware that this is Dr. Wapners last quarter teaching and I would like to say that in the few classes I have been in it has been a pleasure.

Marketing Strategies for the Shoe Industry

Marketing Strategies for the Shoe Industry They separate different type of these shoes can help the customers find the shoes they like quickly and clearly. And the sale can attract the customers buy their shoes. Let the customers buy the shoes have a quick way and lower price. Advertisings Sign up email face book twitter Sales discount Though this advertising, the customers can know the shop when they online. They can satisfy customers new demand. Sales discount always can attract customers. Though the online information they can know the news very quickly and they can tell the information to others. 2. ALDO: http://www.aldoshoes.com/uk Shoes categories Trends: military; Victorian; galactic; American; heritage Women: sandals; buzz worthy boots; mid heels; lace-up boots Men: shoes (plimsolls &trainers; moccasins; casual; smart lace-ups; smart loafers) Boots (casual boots; dress boots) Sandals Special size for big size New arrivals Colours They have special size for big size, so there are more people have special size can buy the shoes they like. Give the price level can help customers buy the shoes which the price they prefer. Advertisings Free delivery when you spend over  £75 Sign up email: get 10% off Face book Digital connect on homepage When customer need to have the delivery they can buy the shoes price over  £75 and they can have free delivery. This can attract customers buy the shoes price over  £75.Though sign up the email, for the shoe shop, customers get more information about the shop and can tell their family and friends. For the customers they can get 10% off, they would like to go this shop. 3. Schuh: http://www.schuh.co.uk/ Shoes categories Women: high heels, low heels, flats, boots, sandals, trainers. Mans: trainers, shoes, boots, sandals. Brands: womens brands(schuh/ugg/red or dead/irregular choice/nike/iron fist) Mens brand (converse/adidas/fred perry/base London/ikon/vans/) Junior: girls(low heels/flats/boots/trainers/sandals/new in/bestseller) Boys (shoes/boots/trainers/new in/bestseller) Advertisings Face book twitter Blog Schuh TV Sales gift card Free delivery They have free delivery, the customers buy their shoes no need to pay the delivery. More convenience to people and attract more customers. 4. Converse : http://www.converse.co.uk/ Shoes categories Shoes : Chuck Taylor/Star Chevron/one star/Jack Purcell Collections : Chuck Taylor All Star Slim/ Blondie/One Star 74/Star Player/Weapon Advertisings Blog (top 10) Videos for advertising Hot chip film on homepage Different types of converse and the homepage is very fashion, this can attract more young people to visit. The film and videos can show the new products directly to the customers. 5. Clarks : http://www.clarks.co.uk/ Shoes categories: Women: boots/ankle boots/pimps/sandals/shoes/winder styles/party styles Men: Boots/Gore-tex styles/waterproof/active air/workwear/modern style Kids: boots/waterproof/willies/casual/sports/cica/school/bootleg Sports : boots/shoes/ waterproof/walking/hiking/trekking/open air/free style Originals : shoes/boots/desert boot/classic/fashion style There are many types of the shoes can be chose by customer. Advertising: TV e-mail TV is the best way to introduce the products. Most people watch TV and can see the advertising, and know more information about this shoe shop. TASK 2 WEEK 1(01/11) Note taking from internet and text book WEEK2 (08/11) Essay plan for marketing plan short report WEEK3 (15/11) Marketing plan first draft WEEK4 (22/11) Short report first draft WEEK5 (29/11) Task 67 first draft WEEK6 (06/12) Presentation-PPT WEEK7 (13/12) Marketing plan Short Report Task 6 Task 7 Final draft TASK 4 BUSINESS VISION I prepare to expand my business and set up a website about sell hand-painted Special Shoe. The website can give many choices to the customer. Customers can choose the picture they like and we can help them paint the picture on the shoes. So the Special shoe will have USP (unique selling point), this means that your product and service can attract more attention from customers in the eyes and mind. Special shoes will sell these to people who want have their own style. The coverage of my shoe shop will be the UK. More and more young people want to aspire after new fashion and be different from others, so they favour original things to show their personality. I found some well-known companies also do the hand-painted shoe, like Nike and Adidas. Every year they launch a limited range of hand painted footwear. Our shop does the B2C (business to customer) part, B2C part can help us know what the customers want and can save money and time. Customers can buy their favourite shoes cheaply and quickly. We can use website, newspaper and magazine to attract customers and make people to know our Special Shoes. Analysis External analysis Everybody needs shoes and there are many kinds of shoes in our life. For the country footwear is an important part. There are  £6bn of shoes sold to UK and half of them sold around the world (Britfoot, 2010 ). Today, some companies do hand-painted shoe business, for example, Converse was very famous for its canvas shoes. In recent years, Converse put out hand painting shoes, but these shoes are limited. So this cannot satisfy most customers demand .Our hand-painteg shoes are having a rational price and when the customer want these shoes we can painted for them. Most people can buy a pairs of shoes they favour and show their individual. 2. Internal analysis Our on-line shop sell hand-painted canvas shoes, but for different customers we also sell the colour pen and no pattern shoes, so customers can paint the shoes in any way they like. For all the customers we will teach them how to wash the shoes and they can return of goods if shoes have any problem within three days. Because I have 4 physical shops in high street, so I have existing customers and I have enough money to set up my special online shoe shop. Start my business I need some people to help me. I structure them in three groups, first is the group who buy raw material, second is the group who painting the shoes, last one is the group who sell the shoes. 3. SWOT analysis a ¼Ã… ½Strengths My shop start a new style of shoes buying, there are three main strengths of my hand painting shoes. First, because I already have four physical Special Shoe shop in High Street, so we have the basic of the customers for my Special online shoe shop. I set up online Special Shoe shop can increase many new customers for my business and make more profit. Second we paint the shoes of the customers choice so the customers cannot find another pair of shoes like it. Third, because our online Special Shoe shop do B2C part, so we can communicate with customers quickly and clearly. We can know what the customer really want and satisfy their demand. Special Shoes have a reputation for giving advice about foot problems and they can use this knowledge to do the same on the Internet. We can find the health magazine talk about the podiatry service and put our online shoe shop website in. This can tell the people that our shoes are comfortable, and then attract more people to visit our website and buy our shoes. b. weaknesses First, we can not produce with a large number of hand painting shoes. Because we make these shoes by hand, this restricts our output, and we need more time and more labour to produce shoes. Second, because we sell the hand painting canvas shoes, so this not for all people. The hand-painted canvas shoes just one kind of Special Shoe. For example, customers will not buy these shoes when the weather becomes cold. c. opportunities Economy is recovering now, however The world economy is facing difficult and dangerous times (BBC News, 2010) that means economy will not grow much, companies sell goods not very high. And though economy grow slow, but economy not too bad. Companies sell goods not too low. I start business online must careful, we need prepare everything to face any problem. Today, more and more sellers choose start a business online in UK, and the customer in UK spend  £42. 7bn online in 2010 accounting for the CCR (Centre for Retail Research).(BBC New , 2010) I start an on-line shop, so I can increase many new customers who need special shoes and keep the existing customers. d. Threats Our threats come from other online hand-painted shoe shop. People prefer buy famous brand. So the famous in the world, like Adidas and Nike will attract more customers. We must buy the raw shoes from the factory. If the factory makes the mistake of the shoes or do not give us the raw shoes on time, we will face trouble, for example, we can not give the hand painting shoes to customer on time or the shoes have quality problem, these will make us lose trust from customer. Marketing and sales 4 ps Product We supply our products to the people who want to show personal style. We put the picture online and the customers can choice. The customers also can e-mail the picture they like and we painted for customers. . We also can sell the pigment and paint brush to customers, if they want to paint the shoes by themselves. We try our best have a good reputation and supply good products and service to customers b. Place We sell the hand painting shoes on-line. Customers can enter my online Special Shoe shop and buy shoes anytime and anywhere. And we no need to pay the rent of physical shops. It has a lower cost to set-up an online Special Shoe Shop. The customers around the world can know my online Special Shoe Shop and buy my products. The online shop is no geographic retractions. Pricing We have different level price of the shoes. The price of the hand-painted shoes will between  £80 and  £150. These prices are based on the brand of the canvas and the pattern. For example, the shoes have simple pattern will be cheaper than the shoes have complex pattern. Promotion The promotion brings the benefit to the products, and promotion will give the products a brand and an image that the customers will pay attention to your products. I choose online activities and offline activities to promotion my online Special Shoe Shop. I use online activities, first of all I need search engine registration, and search engines can help the customers find the information about our business and products. We pay fees let our online shops web site at the first page of the search engine. When the visitors enter our online Special Shoe homepage, they can sign in our webpage use e-mail address. So I can collect these visitors e-mail address and send the e-mail about our Special Shoes. We can make a video of shoes being painted and put this video to YouTube or other video website to introduce my online hand-painted shoes. Second, I will use newspaper and Magazine to advertising my online Special Shoe Shop; for example, is the most fashion magazine in UK, most people read this magazine, we put our hand-painted shoe in this magazine, so more people can know my Special Shoe. Newspaper and Magazine advertising are cheaper than the TV ad vertising. At same time we do direct mail. I will send the information about my online Special Shoe Shop to the customers who buy the shoes from my physical shops; let them to understand our online hand-painted shoes. Customers Existing customers My Existing customers are the people shopping in my four physical shops in High Street. We want to keep these customers so we need give these customers convenient and we need work hard and give better service to customers. And we must pay the attention to all the Special Shoes, so we can know what the customers really like and meet their demand. New customers I set up an online Special Shoe Shop and sell hand-painted shoes. So I have new customers who need have their own style and buy our hand-painted shoes. And I do the online and offline promotion to attract more new customers to know and buy my Special Shoes. Conclusion In conclusion, online shop has many benefit of my Special Shoe business. It helps me expand my business; increase the kind of Special Shoes. Thereby, increase the customers and profit. Nowadays, more and more people shopping online. There also have problems of my online business, we cannot do the batch production and our online shop is a new, so just few people know us. However, if we have good advertising and the best products, I believe that my online Special Shoe shop will have more customers and become famous in the future. Bibliography Schneider, G.P. (2007),eBusiness 7th edition, Thomson Learning, Inc: London Edwards,S. Economy, P. (2009), Home-based Business for Dummies, Dummies 3rd Chaffey, D (2004), E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 2ed edition, Inc: London www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11721010 www.britfoot.com http://ezinearticles.com http://www.clpstudio.com/ http://www.paradoxartistry.com/temp.htm Task 5 With the development of society, Internet becomes very important in our life. Internet has much information from the world and it becomes a global resource (ezinearticles, 2010). The definition of online shopping is that the act of purchasing products or services over the Internet.(www.businessdictionary.com). The Internet also becomes a popular way to buy products. Because people can find the products they want to buy very quickly and clearly. They can buy the products at home or office. Online shopping is very convenient, so more and more people choose online shopping. Search engine is important for a website. Sellers must make sure the customers can find your shop very quickly and easily. In this short report I will explain what search engine is positioning, how importance of search engine positioning to the online shop and enabling the customer to find the website easily. The definition of search engine positioning is that The process of obtaining high page ranking on Search Engine Results Pages, these results pages are a list of links pertaining to a specific user submitted search term. Positioning is only relevant for search engines with crawler technology (www.anduro.com/glossary.html ). Search engines have three main parts. First are simply bots, this can finding the website the customers interested in. When customers entering the information the result will give you page title, keywords in page text and the information from other website. Second is storage, when the customers stored the website, the computer has an index for stored the website. Third part is the search utility, search utility can help visitor take the term they find match the search term in index. Then the visitors can choose the links they will visit.(Gary P. Schneider, 2007) Search engine is the important part of online shop sell Special Shoes. We must make sure that the customers can find our website quickly and easily. Search engine is important for e-commerce. So, give the search engine a good positioning is also important. We make the search engine have a good ranking, so our website will go to the first page of the result. Just like Google, when you search information, you will find there are thousand results. If put the website in first page or the top, the visitors will find the website easily and quickly. And this can help us have more visitors and increase the click volume. Based on the importance of search engine positioning, find the good way to increase the ranking of the website is the basic thing we need to do. We can give the search engine money to buy a good positioning. We can put the title of the text as the search engine or put the keyword of my product. For example, I sell the hand painting shoes, these shoes include in special shoes. So I can put the special hand panting shoes as the description of the website. Now I designed three domain names for my Special shoes online shop site. 1. www.cnadyhandpaintedshoe.co.uk 2. www.canvaspaintedshoe.co.uk 3. www.specialdiyshoe.co.uk I prefer choose the first one to be my website domain name. I choose this name in many reasons. First, I open an online shoe shop but not normally, the shoes are special. Second, the shop domain name include my name and I have 4 physical shops in high street. For the old customers the can easily remember my name. The pattern on the shoes all painted by ourselves. The customers can find our website when the customers entering hand painting shoe. Attract visitor I need to attract the visitors to visit my website and buy my special shoes. At first, I need to build a brand of my shoe shop and give it an image; this will make the people remember it easily. And make the customers trust you. For all the seller and customer reputation is the most important thing. We must make sure the quality of shoes and solve the problem very quickly. And we need effective communication with customers, let them to know my shop and my products. We can e-mail them the information of our Special Shoe. The other important thing is that makes sure your homepage special, clearly, and has enough point to attack the customers. For example, if we have the discount, we can put the discount information in a full position. We can use the big title to introduce our main products and put some customers feedback on homepage, these can make visitor know more about our shop and trust us. Because I have 4 shoe shops in high street, so I can have an advertising to introduce my online shoe shop in these 4 shops. I can put the shop website on the wall and window. And give the customers some discount in these high street 4 shops if they go to my online shop. For example, when the visitors go to my online shop to download a picture and print it out, they can take these pictures to the high street shoe shop and then get the discount. In conclusion that many people choose online shopping, so it has a good benefit. However there are many online shops, so there also have strong competition. For online shop, search engine positioning is important; we must give our website a good ranking at search engine, so the visitor can find our online shop easily and quickly. We also have a easy remember domain name. We do many methods to attract the customers to buy our shoes. Bibliography Schneider, G.P. (2007),eBusiness 7th ed, Thomson Learning, Inc: London Edwards,S. Economy, P. (2009), Home-based Business for Dummies, Dummies 3rd Kent, P.(2008), Search Engine Optimization, 3rd Edition. http://ezinearticles.com, Why is the Internet important www.businessdictionary.com Supply chain management Make supply chain short Supply chain is composed by many parts. They are complex; include the manufacturer and suppliers, warehouses, retailers, transporters and customers. So when the customers want to get the products, it will have a long process. But we do e-commerce; we can use the internet to contact the renders, so we can make a short supply chain and we can save a lot of time and reduce the cost of some part, so we can get cheap products and can supply in time. At same time we can ensure the customers can buy cheap and good quality products. Transaction Transaction plays a point role; every part of supply chain will have the transaction. We do B2B system to the suppliers and B2C to the customer. These all need transaction. Transaction will finish on Internet, so this reduces the mistake and save time. We must make sure the transaction safe and quickly. We can find the transform company have the good quality, and cooperate with the company. It has highly accurate so it is safe and have many item can be scanned so it more flexible and save time. Also when the customers buy the shoes from our online shop, we must send the shoes to the customers as soon as possible. So express company also important, we cooperate with the express company we believe. Stock control Every shop has its own store; the seller must make sure they have enough stock to meet demand. We use Internet to understand the demand fluctuation, so we stock the right products to satisfy customers demand. For our special hand painting shoes, we make sure we have enough no pattern shoes. So when the customers order the shoes, we can paint the pattern they like on shoes and send them to customers at s short time. If we have enough stock, we can save much time and can attract more customers. Because we use online, we can use the internet to follow the stock, so can be check the stock from anywhere there is an internet connection. Use internet, we can control the stock directly. Information flow Information will affect the sellers decision. All the information we get on Internet. E-commerce technology gives a fast way to communicate and share information. Every time have its own need, the seller must understand what the customers need and catch the opportunity. We can build an information system and get the information from the internet. For example, we can ask the customers do the questionnaire online, so we can know the customers demand. Depends on the information we will do the right products and service. Special shoes can use an Information System that will help them know where deliveries are; what customers are buying; where customers are; what the best prices are for their suppliers. They can have a Just-In-Time system to use this. That way they can use the information flow to bring better service to the customer and make lower costs to make prices lower. E-Procurement We do not have our own firm to produce the raw shoes, so we must purchase these raw shoes from the firm and for our hand painting shoe, we need purchase the pigment and the painting brush. This is B2B system and we finish the procurement on Internet. E- Procurement helps us purchase the raw products quickly and reduce the error. Because use e-procurement we can communicate with the supplier online also can sign the contract online. Use internet are very convenient to contact if they supplier far away from us. Purchase online we have not the geographical limitations; this means we can find the supplier all over the world. We have a good supplier, so we can give our customers good quality and cheap products. Find a supplier firm we trust, so the customers also can trust us. Bibliography 1.Schneider, G.P. (2007),eBusiness 7th ed, Thomson Learning, Inc: London 2.Wiley, J. (2007), Supply chain management-best practices, Chapter 1 3. http://logistics.about.com/ 5. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/products/journals/journals.htm?id=scm http://www.bestpricecomputers.co.uk/glossary/supply-chain-management-software.htm Task 7Returns policy As a good company, not only take care of its profit, but also has a good after sale services. When online shopping more and more popular, return policy become more important. A good return policy can help the shop attract more customers and make the customer trust you. So you can get a good reputation. I consider five parts to build my special shoes return policy. The circumstances of purchased shoes allowed to be return As a general rule, we allow the customers return in 14 days. If the problem is the size, the pattern they do not like or there is the quality problem we will allow to be return. Because, the customers buy the shoes online so they can not try the shoes, and some times the size of shoes will have a little difference. Due to the pictures of shoes on the website and the real shoes have the difference of colours, the customers also can return the shoes. The exchange policy If the customer is not satisfied with the shoe, they can order another one in exchange. However if they order another pair of shoes have different level of the price, we will return the remaining money if another pair of shoes cheaper, and the customer give us money if that one expensive. When the customers want to exchange, they must provide proof a payment, such as receipt. The refund policy By law, customers located in the European Union à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ have the right to withdraw from the purchase of an item within seven working days of the day after the date the item is delivered. (www.amazon.co.uk) We will use this as a basic refund policy and offer to pay for postage. The condition of the shoes must be return The shoes must be return when we find there are some quality problems we will call the shoes back and solve the problem. At the same time we will give the customers another pair of shoes and give them some discount. Responsible for postal charges If the customer wants to refund, we will pay for the postal charges. We can give pre-paid label for return. And customers no need to worry about the postal when they refund or return the shoes. This makes customers happy and trusts my shop. This point can attract more customers.

Difference Between British And South African English Language Essay

Difference Between British And South African English Language Essay Introduction: I aim to establish dialectal features importance upon the English language. This will occur through identifying how dialectal features are introduced into speech, significant differences between British English and South African English, as well as the possible differences in application of dialect into language. I aim to identify distinctive dialectal features in ordinary, colloquial speech, which are different to English speakers. A comparison of British English and South African English will enable differences to be shown. Within the speech, variables will affect the language choice, not always dialectal variables. These variables include age (adults and Children in the conversation), location of the speakers (where theyre from and location which they currently reside) as well as the tier of class which the speakers are from. I will focus upon South Africans (English speaking not Afrikaans- the Lingua Franca), the test subjects are from the Cape Town area in South-west South Africa. Therefore, the South African test subjects should have many similarities to the British speaking English test subjects. As a consequence, I expect the main difference between the two sets of test subjects to be lexical due to them being English speaking. Research: Dialect differentiates language, distinguishing location, class and other social boundaries. The South African language is similar to the English language, a cosmopolitan, hybrid language, with lexis being drawn from many other languages and cultures. Officially there are 11 languages feeding into South African [1] from Dutch Afrikaans to English, providing dialectal words such as the Afrikaaner word Braai for barbeque. It is often that these words interlink into different languages with the meaning mirrored in the adopted language such as Dutch to Afrikaans lexis. This is obvious through words like Biltong (Afrikaans) and aardvark (Afrikaans) transferring to the English language. English is seen as a Lingua Franca in South Africa, not necessarily the dominant language spoken language, but instead a language which is a backup language which is always spoken in contexts where appropriate, for example, English is the international business language, therefore the majority of business is conducted in English. As a consequence Afrikaans speakers use English; the lingua franca language use in Afrikaans-medium high schools in Pretoria reported that they often used English words when speaking Afrikaans [2]. Therefore showing the English languages dominance due to the ability to transfer into different languages. Therefore, itll be interesting to see if the South African language of 11 different languages and distinctive dialects transfers into the English language as seen with the transfer of French lexis such as Entrepreneur, quit or Cafe. Dialects form through modification of standard of English, changing due to influences and situations. They are a form of expression, marking individualism or belonging to a group e.g. social grouping such as level of class (Gentry, middle or working). As Peter Trudgill interprets dialects allow for recognition of area of growing up or current residence Other people will use this information to help them decide where we are fromà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [3]. This investigation aims to distinguish the differences of lexical variations, grammatical differences, approaches to speech, length of utterances, and use of taboo and non-fluency features. Data Analysis: The speech is started off by statements (declarative) and questions (interrogative sentence mood), for example line one of the South African transcript Kieron (.) dinner time. The use of these sentence moods is the typical, standard of introduction for conversation. Furthermore both transcripts feature turn-yielding cues at the end of around half of sentences, leading to the formation of adjacency pairs. Therefore, theres no difference between English and Southern African English conversations over on how theyre introduced or ended suggesting this method is the standard, not fulfilling any aims of establishing dialectal differences. The main difference between the dialects of Southern Africa and an English Dialect is a high lexical variation. A clear example is the word robots used in Western South Africa to mean Traffic lights. This shows the use of different lexis to apply the same meaning as also seen through the adjective Lekker to mean good or nice. Whereas the transcript shows the English dialect to use +degree adverbs intensifying the adjective the food is very burnt as opposed to the Southern African these crunchies are lekker. The South African lexis doesnt rely upon intensifiers instead having stronger dialectal words to take the place of two words, whereas the word Crunchies is a piece of South African lexis for Flapjack. Nouns have been used with inflections for both English speech and South African speech. Proper Nouns for both English and South African havent featured the inflection of s with the exception of General motors' which said singularly on its own. However, common nouns are varied in both English and in Southern African. Concrete nouns such as Takkies or Pants both feature the inflection of s, yet concrete nouns like Lappie havent featured an inflection. This feature of spoken language is mirrored in the English transcript with concrete nouns such as apples crackers. This shows no difference between the South African and British English dialect in the application of inflections, not helping to solve the language investigation. Adjectives dont tend to have inflections such as suffixes added to them in either dialects. Both dialects lack suffixes such as -en to give adjectives a regional placer, helping to determine the area or social class from which the test subjects are in or reside from. The South African transcript uses adjectives such as slow pre-modifying nouns like any normal application of adjectives. Whereas, the English transcript also applies adjectives use; e.g. well ridiculously cheap. This shows there is little if no difference between uses of adjectives between these two different dialects, suggesting it again to be the standard. As a consequence neither disproving nor proving a noticeable difference between the dialects. Whereas, adverbs are also similar with no real noticeable difference between the two different dialects. Neither dialects as discussed before seem to use suffixes onto the adverbs e.g. slowly. Adverbs have been used in both dialects as transcribed showing the adverbs to intensify or portray manner, place or time, as seen by ridiculously cheap. As seen before, this doesnt identify dialectal differences, meaning the aims fulfilled. However, there is a difference in pronoun structure between the two transcripts and dialects. The English dialect transcript focuses upon object personal pronouns e.g. i didnt know this, whereas the South African transcript mainly uses subject personal pronouns (I) (we). However, this may not be a dialectal difference due to being in different circumstances with them both being on different topics due to not being scripted. Therefore it neither confirms nor disproves dialectal differences in speech. The South African transcripts shows dynamic verbs used with past tense inflections of -ed as well as present tense inflections of -e: i lagged Whereas the English transcript also shows the use of dynamic verbs, but only in the past tense. Like the South African Dynamic verbs, it portrays the action having already occurred. However, neither of these inflections are dialect specific, such as an Eastern English dialect of he walk. Therefore, this doesnt help to identify dialectal features in spoken language. The utterance length is higher in the English transcript on average as compared to the South African, suggesting dialect may affect length of utterance. However, there are more speakers (5) as compared to (4) within the South African discourse; therefore it is more likely that each speaker will have a shorter duration of speech due to some form of interruption by another speaker. As a consequence, this hints that utterance length may be a dialectal feature; however it is more likely to have been highly influenced by the amount of speakers. Therefore not really being a useful piece of data. The transcripts have recorded different features of non-fluency signifiers, showing that dialect may cause different non-fluency features. The South African transcript notes the high use of fillers and other parts of unscripted speech such as facework like the facilitive tag question youre lovely (.) arent you. voice filled pauses occur where the speaker responds, yet doesnt provide a very clear answer. Whereas the British English transcript shows quite a high use of false-starts and recycling in speech unlike the South African transcript. This clearly shows both dialects have certain non-fluency features; however they vary and may just be partially dialect specific. It is obvious the main difference between these transcripts and dialects is lexical variation. This is not really surprising due to the South African test subjects being English spoken. English South Africa is hugely influenced by western media i.e. American TV programs. The only real way to clarify these findings of dialect not being hugely different between British English and western South African is to undertake many more tests to see if there is reliability in the results or if it shows a broader theme as such. CUT = This conclusion is repeated through the use of negatives, where neither dialects show abnormal use of negatives, therefore not providing a noticeable difference, meaning no clear conclusion can be drawn from these results.

Exposing Capitalism in Upton Sinclairs The Jungle Essay -- Sinclair J

Exposing Capitalism in The Jungle      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the works of Upton Sinclair are not widely read today because of their primacy of social change rather than aesthetic pleasure, works like The Jungle are important to understand in relation to the society that produced them.   Sinclair was considered a part of the muckraking era, an era when social critics observed all that was wrong and corrupt in business and politics and responded against it.   The Jungle was written primarily as a harsh indictment of wage slavery, but its vivid depictions of the deplorable lack of sanitation involved in the meatpacking industry in Chicago resulted in public outrage to the point where Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act.      The Jungle is a product of the era when industry was rapidly evolving and millions of immigrants came to America, the perceived land of milk and honey.   What they often found instead were a lack of jobs, low paying jobs in deplorable conditions and the realization that the American dream was not equally accessible to all.   In the novel Sinclair denounces in brutal prose the deplorable conditions of the Chicago stockyard where the men and women workers are diminished to a level lower than the dumb beasts they must slaughter in the fields.   Many immigrants were forced to accept such conditions and low wages because they did not have other options.   Jurgis wrestles with this dilemma when he thinks of turning down a job in the lowest of all occupations, a fertilizer plant worker, "As poor as they were, and making all the sacrifices they were, would he dare to refuse any sort of work that was offered to him, be it as horrible as ever it could?   Would he dare to go home and eat bread tha... ...llows Sinclair to tack on an optimistic ending where often in life none was found.   Like Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, the ending of Sinclair's novel is a victory for the common man, the working class man and woman who were so great in number, so indomitable in spirit, and so determined to survive that there was no force of oppression too great to be surmounted, "...then we will begin the rush that will never be checked, the tide that will never turn till it has reached its flood-that will be irresistible, overwhelming-the rallying of the outraged workingmen of Chicago to our standard!...We shall bear down the opposition, we shall sweep it before us-and Chicago will be outs!   Chicago will be ours!   CHICAGO WILL BE OURS!" (Sinclair   341). Works Cited Sinclair, U.   The Jungle.   (7th printing).   New York: The New America Library of World Literature, 1964.

Bats :: essays research papers

Bats Contents 1. Title Page Page... 1 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contents  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Page... 2 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bat Facts Page... 3-4 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Congress Ave. Bridge Page... 5-6 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How To Get A Bat Out Of Your House Page... 6 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About Bat Houses  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Page... 7 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Page... 8+   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My report is on bats. I will start my story off by telling you some facts about bats. Bat Facts 1. Did you know that the worlds smallest mammal is a Bumblebee bat that lives in Thailand. It weighs less than a penny! 2. Vampire bats adopt orphan pups (the name for a baby bat) and have been known to risk their lives to share food with the less fortunate. 3. The African Heart-Nosed bat can hear the footsteps of a beetle walking on sand from a distance of over six feet! 4. The giant Flying Fox bat from Indonesia has a wing span of six feet! 5. Disk-winged bats of Latin America have adhesive disks on both feet that enable them to live in unfurling banana leaves (or even walk up a window pane). 6. Nearly 1,000 kinds of bats account for almost a quarter of all mammal species, and most are highly beneficial. 7. Worldwide, bats are the most important natural enemies of night- flying insects! 8. A single brown bat can catch over 600 mosquitoes in just one hour! 9. Tropical bats are key elements in rain forest ecosystems which rely on them to pollinate flowers and disperse seeds for countless trees and shrubs. 10. Bat droppings in caves support whole ecosystems of unique organisms, including bacteria useful in detoxifying wastes, improving detergents, and producing gasohol and antibiotics. 11. More than 50% of American bat species are in severe decline or already listed as endangered. Losses are occurring at alarming rates worldwide. 12. All mammals can contract rabies; however, even the less than half of one percent of bats that do, normally bite only in self- defense and pose little threat to people who do not handle them. 13. An anticoagulant from Vampire bat saliva may soon be used to treat human heart patients. 14. Contrary to popular misconception, bats are not blind, do not become entangled in human hair, and seldom transmit disease to other animals or humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, enough with the facts. I think that should get you ready for the rest of my essay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Austin, Texas Congress Ave. Bridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Bit Of History.......   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Engineers reconstructed downtown Austin's Congress Bridge in 1980, they had no idea that the new crevices beneath the bridge would make an ideal bat roost. Although bats had lived in Austin for years, it was headline news when they suddenly began moving by the thousands under the bridge.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry :: essays research papers

The Satire of Slavery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  'There it is: it doesn't make any difference who we are or what we are, there's always somebody to look down on! Somebody to hold in light esteem, somebody to be indifferent about.'; Mark Twain (1835–1910), U.S. author. 'Three Thousand Years Among the Microbes,'; ch. 15 (written 1905; published in Which Was the Dream? ed. by John S. Tuckey, 1967). This quote says that people will always feel superior to some one different. The reason for this is that it makes people feel important and better about themselves. Slavery derived from this belief in superiority. Mark Twain, author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn uses satire as a literary technique to present his ideals on slavery within his period of time. Satire is a method of taking a serious issue and representing it in a humorous way. The Author uses Huck's relationship with Jim, societies attitude towards Jim during their travel up the Mississippi River, and the use of racist terminology throughout the novel. Mark Twain's use of satire in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn enables the reader to better understand his message of slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, Huck's relationship with Jim shows the authors views on slavery. Huck was taught at home and in school that slavery was a part of the natural order. He never found anything wrong with the way slaves were treated. In the beginning of Huck and Jim's journey Huck treats Jim in a prejudice manor (according to our standards) in the way that Jim is different from him. 'When we was ready to shove off we was a quarter of a mile below the island, and it was pretty broad day; so I made Jim Lay down in the canoe and cover up with a quilt, because if he set up people could tell he was a nigger a good ways off'; (Twain 58). This shows that Huck incorrectly assumes that people can spot a black person from far away. At this point he still holds the belief that blacks are different from whites. Through their travels up the river Huck begins to realize how good of a friend Jim is and that Jim is not inferior to Him. After the event with the King and the Duke with the Wilks, Huck is glad to see Jim 'Of course when they got to snoring we had a long gabble, and I told Jim everything'; (Twain 188).

Perspectives of psychology Essay

Analyzes the relationship between natural selection and behavior and mental processes B. Focuses on personal growth, reaching our highest potential, and self-actualization C. Examines how physiology and biology interact with the environment to impact and determine our behavior and mental processes D. Holds that our unconscious processes determine our behaviors and how they are expressed in our personality E. Emphasizes the way that our behavior and mental processes are impacted by social and cultural components in our environment F. Believes that the field of psychology should focus on objective behaviors that are observable and measurable G. Stresses the importance of internal processes of thought that impact the way that we think, know, remember, reason, make decisions, and communicate 1.cognitive functioning. ___________________ 2.A part of the brain that belongs to the limbic system and is responsible for processing new memories. ________________ The portion of the brain involved in intricate The part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for our emotional response. ________________ 3. 4.A structure that is known to be a key relay station for sensory information. ________________ 5.An area of the cerebral cortex involved in organizing, controlling, directing, and performing motor functions. ________________ 6.A part of the brain located in the back of the cerebral cortex that 7.The part of the brain that is highly involved in the control of the autonomic nervous system and pituitary hormone production and is also responsible for the â€Å"fight-or is responsible for processing visual information. ________________-flight† response. ________________ 8.The part of the brain that is located at the base of the skull and is responsible for the development and coordination of movement. ________________ 9.The part of the brain that is divided into left and right hemispheres, as well as four lobes. ________________

American History-Cold War

This prune is an effort to ack at present guidege the Korean cont nete. This is non an attempt to provide a history. The usage of this work is to conceptualise the argument that the Korean state of struggle was a natural source of the chilly struggle furtheste and would non conduct been fought if relations with the U. S and Russia/ china trothe were non frigidness. M either see the Korean contendfare as a mystery. Some split of it seem just ab egress immune to admit and run crosswaysing. Statistics tell near things, and chronological narratives drop provide a story upon which to elevate data and f substantial information. entirely the caper is flying field that people still do non know very much shut the fight. It was so complex, both(prenominal) in name of its ca subroutines, and of the progress of the fleck, that the usual methods of reporting do non always tell a clear story. It was (and is) a signifi shagt originate of Ameri idler history, and deep d throw it are situated keys to d avow the stairs rest Americas highly transitional parting in the progressively complex area scourts of the duration. The outbreak of the Korean war in 1950 was ane of the p to distri unlessively oney sea changes in postwar American history. Like the trojan horse move into Troy, electric chair chevy S.Trumans June 1950 stopping point to intervene in the Korean crisis l guardianship the kingdom bare to a bombardment of economic, semi policy-making relational, array, and social changes. As it sour out, the Korean mobilization went far beyond preparations for Americas starting signal undeclared war it evolved into the nations de facto frozen war nimbleness program, which came to span nigh forty years. The Korean war, which began with the impingement of the nation of sulphur Korea in June of 1950, can be to a enceinteer extent than easily unders in additiond if we consider it as both, perhaps even three, war s.The send-off pattern was minglight-emitting diode with the get together Nations and the elected Peoples res publica of normalityward Korea. This limit can be considered a victory for the f altogether in Nations. Surely in that location is no new(prenominal)wise word for the successful landing at Inchon in family 1950, the recapture of the to the south Korean capital of Seoul, and the approach, by one-eighth Army on the west and X Corps on the east, to the Yalu. By the heart and soul of no(prenominal)ember, the forces of the coupled Nations had scattered the troops of spousal relationship Koreas army and occupied most of its territory. The goals of the f every last(predicate) in Nations, to drive the invader from second Korea, had been accomplished.The sec phase, which full general of the Army Douglas MacArthur c aloneed an entirely tender war, began with the Chinese entry into the betrothal. This phase essential be considered much less successful. In the l ight of the goals established for the second arrange of the war to expel the commie Chinese and to occupy and control the territory of atomic number 7 Korea the war was a failure. But almostplace during the second year of contend, around November 1951, the temper of the goals changed again. This change may be suitable to define a terce phase of the war.The third phase was marked by the decision to wipe out a defensive attitude posture in Korea. After the frustration at the Chosin reservoir and the slow join Nations hold back to the 38th Par tout ensembleel gird forces victory seemed to be too great a goal. The war became one of attrition, non un care macrocosm fight I. The third phase was one of waiting, patrolling, skirmishing, destroying supplies, and beseting to extinguish rather than to occupy, and negotiating. If the legitimate purpose of war is to create a more(prenominal)(prenominal) thorough deprivation(a) peace, as some gift suggested, thus phase three of the Korean fight was its most important. reliablely the long- landmark goals, as wholesome as the niggling-run re tot throughs, seemed to be more directed at an easing of the parky fight than at victory in Korea. The decision made by President get to S. Truman and his advisors to enter the war in defending team of sec Korea was one of major significance. Some historians believe it may give birth been predetermined by earlier events ahead(p) up to the violation. On the sur appear, however, the decision looks like a rather abrupt breakage in the administrations policy concerning Korea. The reaction gave Korea more importance than it had previously held for Americans.Later, when Truman authorized General MacArthur to move across the 38th, and seek the barter of northwards Korea, that decision did not bulge so much out of character. In the final analysis, however, this latter decision introduced a period of military defeat, public concern, and political knot tyy. There is much about the fighting during the Korean struggle that, in an over gull, appears paradoxical. The amazing technological advances made during creation struggle II p tutelage off amid 1945 and 1955. Weapon victimization moved right away and weapons became more and more complex.Nevertheless, the Korean struggle was primarily fought with weapons left over from valet de chambre state of war II. To a earthshaking compass menstruation it was likewise fought with the strategies and a good deal with the commanders, of that war. It was war fought in the beginning by untrained and off-the-cuff note troops, thence by retreads (recalled World contend II veterans), then by draftees caught up in one of the loosest muster nets in modern history. Of configuration, it was a war in which military methodology and foreboding were severely limited.Finally, we can say that the Korean War verified Clausewitzs mind that a limited war can be true to its defined goals on ly as long as it remains resign to political ( polishedian) control. The Korean War intractablely marked the end of the post-Second World War era. The Sovietization of due eastern europium, the Greek civil war, the Czechoslovakian coup, and the Berlin Airlift, not to mention the loss of mainland mainland china to the commies, had all served to erode what had remained of the war prison term Grand coalition amongst the joined States, Great Britain and the Soviet sexual union that had persisted through the war and to the fundamental law of the get together Nations.But with American, British, French, Dutch, Canadian, Australian, natural Zealand, federation African, Greek, Turkish, Philippine and Thai troops actually in use(p) in competitiveness with communist forces, the cold-blooded War seemed obviously to corroborate taken on a new and far more bitter dimension, and indeed, readiness no longer even merit the term rimed War. In the terminology of one scholar, W ithout the cool War at that place would assume been no Korean War (Mcmahon 69) In fact, the entry of China into the conflict in late 1950 unleashed apocalyptic imaginings of a Third World War, particularly amongst Americans.Even ulteriorly the Armistice concluding the Korean War, the coldness War would continue for more than quartet tenners. The Korean War marked a pivotal turning point in the global execution of the tatty War. To understand the larger contextthe coldness Waris to understand how and why Korea fundamentally adapted the political and economic scene in the aggregated States. First, Korea marked the militarization of Harry Trumans containment policy.Before June 1950, the join States tended to emphasize the economic aspects of containment, during which time it sought to realize a gruelling, supernumerary-market base international order to serve as a bulwark against Soviet collectivism. one time the war in Korea began, however, the united States force ful military rearmamenthere and a bigheartedto push perceived Soviet aggression. Second, by militarizing containment as it did, the Truman administration globalized it as easily.After Korea, the nation prepared itself ideologically and militarily to resist the Sovietsin each corner of the human universe. Thus, in the final analysis, the Korean mobilization was a mobilization within a mobilization the nation began build up for the Korean conflict in the short-term charm at the same time mobilizing for the nipping War in the long-term. Divisual sensation and frigid War came to Korea first and foremost be contract of the softness of right(prenominal) formers, the United States and the Soviet amount, to devise a unification plan that would protect the interests of both (Wainstock 36).From the start the two moguls regarded internal political configurations as highly unpredictable, so they were averse to encourage creation of an native governing body that traverse zonal boundaries. The best chance for the takings of such a political science came in September 1945 with the rise of the KPR, a group that possessed cockeyed linkages with the peoples committees at the local level. Had the Americans supported the KPR, thus promote the KDP to play coalition rather than class politics, Koreans mogul have taken the go out in developing a vision of a united, free region well-meant to the great bureaus.Yet the best opportunity in this depicted object does not represent a good opportunity, since such an progeny would have required extraordinary patience and confidence on all sides, ingredients that were far from communal at the time. The unexpected invasion ushered in a new and much more dangerous phase of the iciness War, not just in Asia notwithstanding globally. Certain that the attack could only have occurred with the support of the Soviet Union and China a correct assessment, as nowavailable evidence confirms and convinced that it he ralded a bolder and more engagementful initiationwide offensive by the commie powers, the Truman administration responded vigorously.It speedyly dispatched US marine and air forces to Korea in order to still hunt the pairing Korean advance and lard southmost Korean defences. When that initial encumbrance proved insufficient, the administration dispatched US trash troops, which became part of an international force owe to the UNs reproval of the brotherhood Korean invasion. The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all interrogation, declared Truman in a 27 June address to the American people, that Communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to switch independent nations and will use armed invasion and war (Malkasian 21).He in some(prenominal) case revealed, in that comparable speech, that he was ordering the US 7th Fleet to the chinaware Strait, increasing aid to the French in IndoChina, and speeding excess aid to the proAmerican Philippine governance wh ich was battling the radical Huk insurgency. Behind those foursome interventions in Korea, China, IndoChina, and the Philippines lay the American intuition that a unified threat of impressive proportions was being mounted against westbound interests by a hostile and newly combative globe communist movement under the leaders of the Soviet Union and its Chinese junior partner.The impact of the Cold War on the Korean War is difficult to overstate. Not only did the Korean fighting lead to an intensification and geographical expansion of the Cold War, threaten a wider conflict amid the United States and the communist powers, and foster change magnitude East westmost hostility, solely it also spurred a huge increase in American defence spending and, more slackly, a militarization and globalization of American foreign policy. Beyond Asia, the conflict in Korea also hastened the strengthening of NATO, the arming of Germany, and the stationing of US troops on European soil.It was the Korean War and not World War II that made the United States a world militarypolitical power, diplomat Charles Bohlen has argued. With un vulgar unanimity, scholars have confirm that judgement, identifying the Korean War as a key turning point in the international history of the postwar era. Americas true commitment to contain socialism all over originated in the events surrounding the Korean War, contends John Lewis Gaddis. Warren I.Cohen calls it a war that would alter the nature of the SovietAmerican confrontation, change it from a systemic political competition into an ideologically driven, militarized oppose that threatened the very survival of the glob (Anthony 42). Yet, as Cohen also notes, that a civil war in Korea would provide the minute turning point in the postwar SovietAmerican relationship, and raise the hypothesis of world war, seems, in retrospect, nothing short of bizarre (Ball 15). Certainly, in the aftermath of World War II, few places appeared less pro bably to emerge as a focal point of great power competition.Occupied and rule by japan as a colony ever since 1910, Korea factored into wartime councils merely as so far another minor and dark-skinned territory whose future disposition cut on the on the wholeies already overburdened shoulders. At the Potsdam Conference, the Americans and Soviets concur to share line of merchandise responsibilities there by temporarily dividing the country at the 38th double they also agreed to work towards the establishment of an independent, unified Korea at the earliest practicable time.In December 1945, at a foreign ministers meeting in Moscow, the Soviets accepted a US marriage offer for the establishment of a joint SovietAmerican commission to prepare for the resource of a provisional Korean governing body as a first abuse toward full independence. But that plan in brief fell victim to larger Cold War tensenesss that militated against any meaningful cooperation, or compromise, su rrounded by Moscow and majuscule. By 1948, the occupation sectionalizations had instead hardened. In the north, a proSoviet regime under the leadership of the former antiJapanese fighter Kim took on all the trappings of an independent regime.So, too, did its counterpart in the south a proAmerican regime headed by the virulently anticommunist Syngman Rhee, a Korean nationalist of long standing. each side regularly rattled sabres at the other neither North nor South Koreans could accept a permanent fraction of their homeland. In 1948, the Truman administration, seeking to extricate itself graciously from its Korean commitment, began withdrawing US military forces from the peninsula. American defence planners believed not only that US military personnel had become overextended worldwide, necessitating this pullback, but that Korea, in fact, possessed minimal strategic worth.The North Korean invasion two years later brought a various calculus to the fore. Although it talent have la cked great intrinsic strategic value, Korea stood as a potent symbol, specially in view of Americas voice as midwife and withstander of the Seoul regime. Further, the North Korean attack, sanctioned and backed by the Soviet Union and China, threatened Americas credibility as a regional and global power both bit as much as it threatened the survival of the South Korean government. To Truman, Acheson, and other senior decisionmakers, the post at risk in Korea appeared enormous.Consequently, without any dissenting voices being raised, the president quickly authorized US military intervention. If the United Nations yields to the force of aggression, Truman declared publically on 30 November, no nation will be safe or secure. If aggression is successful in Korea, we can expect it to spread throughout Asia and Europe to this hemisphere. We are fighting in Korea for our aver national security and survival (Roe 90) That avowal came right after the entry of Chinese communistic volun teer forces into the fray, a development that changed the character of the Korean conflict and, arguably, the Cold War as well.Truman and his military advisers grew confirming after MacArthur turned the tide of battle in September 1950 by outflanking the North Koreans with his legendary Inchon landing. The UN forces under his command crossed into North Korean territory on 7 October by 25 October, some advance units pass offed the Yalu River, along the North KoreanChinese parry. As they inched closer to Chinese territory, monoamine oxidase informed Stalin that he had heady to send Chinese troops across the Yalu.The reason, he explained, is that if we allow the United States to occupy all of Korea and Korean basal strength suffers a fundamental defeat, then the Americans will run more rearing to the detriment of the entire East. Mao, too, saw broad regional and global implications in the Korean outcome. MacArthur, who had so cavalierly underestimated the Chinese military threa t and whose forces were almost completely driven out of North Korea by the end of November, informed the Joint Chiefs of Staff We face an entirely new war (Paige 12).The world faced an entirely new Cold War by that time as well, one whose boundaries reached well beyond Europe. The emergence of Maos regime in China, the SinoSoviet chemical bond, Soviet and Chinese support for North Korean adventurism, the intervention of US and UN forces in Korea, the subsequent entry of Chinese troops, the presence of communist elements within Southeast Asias nationalist movements all ensured that the Cold War would remain a commanding presence in postwar Asia for a long time to come.The Korean War itself dragged on inconclusively until July 1953, when the war-ridden parties signed an armistice that achieved little more than an exchange of prisonersofwar and a return to the status quo ante bellum. The 38th parallel remained an ominous line of division not just between North and South Korea, but between the Eastern and Western blocs. With the Korean conflict, the Cold War became increasingly global in scope. In the decade that followed the onset of the Korean fighting, few corners of the world managed to escape the ensnaring web of superpower rivalry, competition, and conflict.Indeed, the capitulum international flashpoints of the 1950s and 1960s Iran, Guatemala, IndoChina, the Taiwan Strait, Suez, Lebanon, Indonesia, Cuba, the Congo lay well beyond the Cold Wars original boundaries. Only Berlin, whose repugn status triggered SovietAmerican crises in 1958 and again in 19612, belongs to the set of immediate postWorld War II disputes that precipitated the EastWest breach in the first place. From the standpoint of the great power struggle, the grounds for defending South Korea were strong.It was believed that if the North Korean aggression succeeded, Indo-China would be almost certain to fall under Communist control, with the aid of whatever Chinese forces were necessary. The snowballing heart and soul of Communist triumphs might make Thailand and Burma comparatively easy conquests. Since Indo-China is strategically the key to all South East Asia, the stubborn communist guerrilla movement in Malaya might be expected to gain momentum, with aid from the north, and gun-running to the Huks in the Philippines would not be too difficult.Both in the Philippines and Japan, also, the psychology of Red success would operate powerfully. In the end it might be difficult to hold Japan, especially since she cannot exist, apart from American pogys, in the absence seizure of craftsmanship with China and South East Asia. As in every crisis of the Cold War, the image of the falling dominoes was allowed free rein. Thus far the Truman tenet had been restrict in Europe, but it had been a sour failure in East Asia. If now the tremendous triumph of communism in China were capped by except Red gains in Asia the effect on Europe might be decisive.In the United States, too, the result might well be decisive politically for the Truman Administration. Its foes were already making capital bitterly about the non-enforcement of the Doctrine in China. If it collapsed in Asia there would be a mighty outcry indeed. A stage in the Cold War had come which seemed to compel a defense of the Doctrine in Asia. These considerations were sufficient to suffer resolute action in Korea, without going to the defense of the United Nations. Up to this time enforcement of the United Nations Charter had not been a compelling motive in Washington.The UN was brushed aside in Greece, and independent action taken to defeat the Communist guerrillas. In Indonesia the United States had brought strong moral coerce to bear on the Netherlands in the hostage Council, but no troops and planes were sent to fight the Dutch when they defied a UN forego fire order. Nor did the United States mobilize the UN to provided the infant Israeli Republic when tailfin Arab states invaded Palestine in 1948 to overturn by force the partition plan pick out by the UN General Assembly.Defiance of the United Nations could not have been more flagrant, but the United States moved no troops and planes to spare the victims of Hitlers hate who had gathered in Israel, and who appeared to be on the point of being sunk by the armies of UN members converging on them from all sides. In the end Israel was saved by her own heroic fighting, with arms obtained largely from communist Czechoslovakia. The United States gave no armed support to Israel as the ward of UN. The Koreans did not ask for the division of their country, even temporarily.They also organized a government which was broadly representative and quite capable of governing the country. But neither the U. S. S. R. nor the U. S. A. would permit this government to function. Each insisted on creating a government for one-half the country in its own image. In this attempt the Soviets succeeded, but the United States brought a twenty-year emigre back to Korea and permitted him to build himself up into a lifetime tyrant capable of inviting the American people in their own capital to join him in self destruction.Division having resulted and hardened, two successive attempts to unite Korea by force were made, but the outcome was a great power war which n early on destroyed Korea and did not significantly alter the division of the country. On the contrary, the division was hardened and South Korea was left an overpopulated, undernourished, unviable country, living only on the military dole of the United States and under a constabulary force state government which was a standing invitation to revolution Red or otherwise.To shine up the argument, it is necessary to review the years 1945 through 1948. There can be no more striking reflection of Koreas dependence on others than the decision to carve up the peninsula into occupation zones in 1945. Koreans had no input in the decision because they had no recognized government or armed forces to defend their interests. They had been swallowed up in the Japanese empire early in the century and were now being freed from that status because of Japans defeat in a war in which Koreans had contributed more to the losing than to the kind side.Prospects for the peaceful unification of Korea from August 1945 in front were between slim and nil. The first bill toward June 25, 1950, had been taken by the great powersalone. Koreans in 1945 were deeply split among themselvesbetween close collaborators with the Japanese and underground dissenters between landowners and peasants between businessmen and factory workers between police and civilians. These divisions had festered beneath the surface before 1945, as the Japanese used the strategy of divide and conquer to ease the task of thought Korea.The collaborationist expel aside, many of the disputes were foreshadowed in the divisions among exiled independence groups. After liberation from Japa n they burst into the open on the peninsula itself. Their beingness eliminated any chance for a united indigenous resistance to the countrys partition by outsiders. Yet the particular form the divisions took and the eventual(prenominal) outcome of the resulting conflicts were deeply influenced, indeed oftenmultiplication determined, by the foreign presence.That the exiled groups during the Japanese period had looked to outsiders for assistanceNationalist China and the United States in the case of the Right, the Soviet Union and Communist China in the case of the left wingand that one of the outsiders on each side now occupied half of Korea greatly magnified the conundrum. The trusteeship issue represented an extreme case, since it was totally created by the outsiders. Although the Soviets were able to keep the Korean Left in line on trusteeship, the Americans never persuaded the indigenous Right to support itor even to exercise restraint in attacking it.Ultimately the United St ates gave in to Syngman Rhee and devoted trusteeship, but only because, by September 1947, he represented the best bank for keeping South Korea out of Communist hands, an important U. S. accusing in its own right. By the end of 1948, two indigenous governments existed on the peninsula, one exercising self-assurance above the thirty-eighth parallel, one under it, one leftist in predilection and aligned with the Soviet Union, the other right-winger and aligned with the United States.It is impossible to speculate this result without the Soviet-American agreement of 1945. If the situation in Korea at the end of 1948 cannot be grasped without theatrical role to the foreign presence since 1945, it is also attractive to say that the picture is incomplete without mention of the civil conflict that had waxed and waned to a lower place the thirty-eighth parallel since the fall of 1946. The unrest began in September with pretends and riots by workers in several cities and concisel y spread to the countryside, where landlords became familiar objects of attack.Hundreds of civilians and police died in the turmoil. The Left helpless heavily in the violence, and for the next year, slice unrest was widespread at the closure level, it appears not to have been as well coordinated as before. The violence picked up greatly during 1948, with the biggest revolt against government spot beginning in April on Cheju Island. By the end of the year, guerrillas operated extensively on the mainland, so much so that the United States decided to postpone withdrawal of the last of its combat troops from the South.Six of South Koreas eight provinces in conclusion saw substantial guerrilla activity, which ailing in the fall of 1949 and subsided in the dance of 1950 as a result of strong counteraction by ROK forces. Violence in the South from late 1946 to mid-1950 brought death to some one hundred thousand Koreans. If the Americans were submissive in suppressing the activity, the Soviets played an integral role in fostering it.Although the general strike in South Korea of September 1946 appears to have begun at the initiative of the Korean Communist Party below the thirty-eighth parallel, the Soviets soon took an active part, giving advice, which the southern rebels often solicited, encouragement, and considerable financial aid. The Soviets also pushed successfully for the merger of the three leftist parties in the two zones and participated in the training and infiltration of North Korean agents and guerrillas into the South.The unrest in South Korea grew in part out of local conditions, but neither its origins nor its give can be understood without devoting serious attention to activities originating in the North or to actions heavily influenced by the Soviet and American presence on the peninsula. The local, national, and international forces immingle together in a port that would have made the actual course of events largely unrecognizable with the elimination of any of the three (Stueck 44). On June 25, 1950 NorthKorea invaded South Korea.The invasion was less important in actual strategic terms than in what it symbolized a confirmation of the aggressive nature of Soviet communism. President Truman attached this symbolism immediately to the war. In his statement issued on June 27 the president declared The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations and will now use armed invasion and war (Lowe 120). In repartee he ordered the 7th Fleet to protect Formosa, sought U. S. condemnation of the Norths aggression, and eventually committed U. S.military forces under the aegis of the United Nations to fight the Korean War. The cold war had suddenly turned into a animated war. But it was a hot war of a peculiar kind. In fact, it was the new face of war in the postwar world. The Korean War was a proxy war fought in Korea but symbolizing the worldwide struggle between the free world and the communist world. If the North Korean invasion symbolized communists intentions to dominate the world, the U. S. response symbolized the resolve of the United States to resist Soviet domination. It was a censorious moment. Metaphysical symbolism replaced tangible objectives as the focal point of war.Such a transcendental transformation had its root in the original request of economic aid to Greece and Turkey, but it was to have consequences that would reach to the rice paddies of Vietnam. The anticommunism rhetoric was now permeative and complete. Politicians and people interpreted the meaning of each of these three sets of events the Hiss conviction and the other charges of domestic communist activities, the invasion of South Korea by the North, and the Chinese intervention into that war by the standards of that rhetoric and at the corresponding time used these events as produce that the rhetoric was correct in the first pl ace.It was a classic tautology. Understanding and proving arose simultaneously and led to action. And action confirmed the understanding and proof. The Korean War was the linchpin of these final proofs. John Lewis Gaddis (1983) remarked that the widely shared but erroneous impression that the invasion of South Korea was the first military step in the Soviet Unions plan to conquer the world had three important consequences (1) the transformation of NATO from a traditional mutual defense alliance into an integrated military structure that led to the appointment of a U.S. supreme commander of NATO and the stationing of U. S. troops in Europe (2) the rearming of West Germany and the signing of a peace accordance with Japan, thus making alliances with old enemies to fight a new enemy and (3) the plaudit of National Security Memorandum No. 68, better known as NSC-68 (32). perhaps the only issue on which the United States and China had significant common interests concerns the Korean pe ninsula. Washington and Beijing had a strong interest in preventing North Korean acquisition of thermonuclear weapons.Not only would a nuclear-armed North Korea make a North-South war far more dangerous, but it might also encourage South Korean and Japanese acquisition of nuclear weapons and cause a nuclear arms line of achievement in Northeast Asia. Thus, at times Beijing has applied economic pinch on North Korean rulers, assisting U. S. efforts to compel capital of North Korea to curtail its nuclear program. Indeed, Chinese policy toward nuclear proliferation into North Korea was one Chinese policy that consistently displace praise from Washington for having concerns similar to Americas and for acting an important cooperative role and providing critical cooperation in U. S.efforts to freeze North Koreas nuclear program. China has also been supportive of U. S. efforts to bring about North Korean fraternity in the four-party peace duologue involving the two Koreas, China, and the United States (Guttmann 59). The United States and China also shared an interest in preventing economic and political instability in North Korea from leading to war between the two Koreas. China has contributed to this common objective of a soft rather than a crash landing of the North Korean government by encouraging Pyongyang to open its economy to foreign trade and investment and by supplying it with support energy resources.As the North Korean economy rapidly deteriorated, Beijing supplied Pyongyang with essential food and clothing supplies. Since then, Beijing has keep to provide North Korea with food, consumer goods, and energy assistance. But even U. S. -China relations on this comparatively cooperative issue had tensions. Whereas Washingtons policy toward North Korea was primarily focused on preventing nuclear proliferation, Beijings policy attached equal angle to its vital interest in preserving its significant influence in a tolerance state located at the inter section of all of the great powers.Moreover, Beijing had even greater interest than Washington in preventing war on the Korean peninsula, thus far as it would be waged on Chinas border and could spill over into Chinese territory. U. S. China friction results from Washingtons frustration when Chinese fear inhibits Beijing from applying greater pressure on the North Korean leadership. Thus far, U. S. -China common interests in regional stability have prevailed, but should the U. S. -North Korean agreement collapse, U. S. -China tension over North Korea could intensify.The nuclear problem on the Korean peninsula was, in part, a holdover from the Cold War. It stemmed, ultimately, from the division of the country and the threat to the status quo posed by the Communist regime in the north the same set of circumstances that had led to war in 1950. The same potentate Kim II-sung-who had launched the attack in 1950 was in power and threatening to acquire nuclear weapons in 1994. The pro blem of North Korean nuclear weapons produced a political alignment in the region that demonstrated the inequalitys between the Cold War and post-Cold War eras in yet another way.In 1950 the United States and Japan were confederative with South Korea against North Korea, the Soviet Union, and the Peoples Republic of China (Buzo 89). Korea has common borders with both Russia and China. All four powers participated, directly or indirectly, in the Korean War of the 1950s. The Korean War was extension of the conflict in and the Cold War, at least in American eyes. North Korea, China, and later Vietnam were seen in Washington as part of a wiz Communist bloc, all allies and instruments of Moscow. A scenario suggests that the Soviet Union, North Korea, and Communist China conspired to begin a war in Asia.The North Korean invasion of South Korea was the opening move in a Communist offensive for worldwide domination. However, while it is fairly certain that Premier Mao Tsetung and Stalin w ere both aware of North Koreas decision to invade, there is less evidence that the nations convoluted were acting under the aegis of international communism. In fact, failure to understand the difference between national and international communism is a significant part of the inability of the United Nations to comprehend the depth of the problem it faced.The actual element of conspiracy, it there was one, may have been in the willingness of major political powers to use small and vulnerable nations in the Cold War. That is, the Korean War only if have been a convenient theater of operations for one more clash between nations who did not have the courage to take on each other openly. whole works Cited Anthony, Farrar-Hockley. The China Factor in the Korean War. In The Korean War in History ed. James cotton plant and Ian Neary. Atlantic Highlands, NJ Humanities extinguish, 1989. Ball, S. J. The Cold War An International History, 1947-1991. Arnold London, 1998.Buzo, Adrian. The Making of new-made Korea. Routledge sassy York. , 2002. Gaddis John Lewis. The Emerging Post-Revisionist deductive reasoning on the Origins of the Cold War. diplomatic History 7 (Summer 1983) 171-90. Guttmann, Allen. Korea and the Theory of particular War. D. C. Heath Lexington, MA, 1967. Kaufman, Burton I. The Korean Conflict. Greenwood Press Westport, CT, 1999. Lowe, Peter. The Origins of the Korean War. London Longmann, 1986. Malkasian, Carter. A History of in advance(p) Wars of Attrition. Praeger Westport, CT, 2002. Mcmahon, Robert. The Cold War A genuinely Short Introduction.Oxford University Press Oxford, England, 2003. Paige, Glenn D. The Korean Decision. New York Free Press, 1968. Ridgway, M. B. The Korean War, Garden City, NY, 1967. Roe, Patrick C. The tartar Strikes China and the Korean War, June-December 1950. Presidio Press Novato, CA, 2000. Sandler, Stanley. The Korean War No Victors, No Vanquished. UCL Press London, 1999. Stueck, William. Rethinking the Korean War A New Diplomatic and Strategic History. Princeton University Press Princeton, NJ, 2002. Wainstock, Dennis D. Truman, Macarthur and the Korean War. Greenwood Press Westport, CT, 1999.