The Art of Manipulation in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer Odyssey

The Art of Manipulation in Homers Odyssey They sit, entranced in the magic of his words. He pauses. On the edge of their seats, they gestate in silence his next utterance. The one spoken of is not a bard or man refined in the trick of song, but kinda a warrior scarred and hardened through intense conflict. He has a special mastery of the spoken language that enraptures his audience and a gift that endows him to mold and persuade them without physical force. This man is a manipulator of words, a subtle combatant. The proverbial He represents Odysseus in Homers epic adventure The Odyssey. Youthful Athenian work force gained wisdom and admonitions about the machination of words by studying Odysseuss shrewd intellect, and in contrast the use of persuasion by Eurylochus whose ignorance brought about the demise of their comrades. The art of manipulation is vital to the survival and prosperity of men and women throughout The Odyssey. Odysseus exemplifies this distinctive quality, lear ning through his adventures how to better meet his needs through cleverly elect words rather than vehement combat. Odysseus first reveals this gift of the gods, when he used trivial flattery and an appearance of humble supplication in approaching the Princess Nausicaa on the isle of the Phaecians. At her knees, he comes before Princess Nausicaa cleverly appealing to her with questioning disbelief of whether she was some goddess or a mortal woman. He then carry on to draw upon her desire to wed with words that left questioning his own marital status, and sounded as though he were envious of the most blessed among the Phaecians who with his wed gifts would win her, the awe inspiring Nausicaa (89). At this moment in his life, Odysseu... ...e, the ability to manipulate words for the means of persuasion do not always clear positive results. In the hands of the ignorant and irrational, persuasion becomes an evil that plagues all those who come in contact with and conform to it, but wh en used by the informal and thoughtful, manipulation can provide for the betterment of a society, such as the peace that ensues Odysseuss vengeance when Athena persuades them to stop the futility. Homer teaches young Athenians to be alive(predicate) of the dangers of manipulation, rhetoric, and persuasion, but he also shows that a man who can do such effectively is deemed a leader, and that those who cannot are mere followers. Works Cited and Consulted Crane, Gregory. Calypso Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey, Frankfurt, atheneum 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. trans. Robert Fagles. Penguin Books. New York. 1996.

Essay --

More than 205,000 new drugs are introduced in markets worldwide every family after undergoing various acceptance tests. Over decades, a abundant number of animal(prenominal)s engender been utilized for scrutiny new drugs on them, so as to stop human life. This can be proved from the fact that former(a) physician, scientists, such as Aristotle and Erasistratus performed experiments on living animals. Similarly, Galen who was a giant in the history of treat conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of Anatomy and the Pathology physiology. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) introduced animal examen as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients. But in the recent years, it is observed that the practice of using animals for drug testing has come under rigorous criticism by the animal protection and animal rights groups. very medications and different medical items are routinely tried on animals before they are introduced into m arkets and used for human . While I tend towards the perspective that animal testing maybe ethically wrong, still I would have to support a limited amount of animal experimentation for the development of medicines keeping in mind the advantages of doing rather than just focusing on the negatives. military personnel and animals transmit several sicknesses, and subsequently animals can act as models for the investigation of human ailment. For instance, rabbits eff the ill effects of atherosclerosis (solidifying of the arteries) and also infections, for example, emphysema, and life fount surrenders, for example, spina bifida. Cats suffer from the ill effects of disease, diabetes and ulcers which make them candidates for exploration into these issue. From such models we figure out h... ...ing on animals such as using technological advances such as computer modeling, animation and simulation, epidemiology, in vitro research, virtual drug trials, micro dosing technologies, human cell and weave methods, human-on-a-chip technology and post-marketing drug surveillance. Scientists have immediately started to adopt non animal testing methods around the globe. In some medical schools and universities animal testing have been wholly replaced by the technological machines which is an advanced invention by the mankind.In conclusion, it can be said that regardless of development in the medical field , it is now time for a change using animals as evasion method for testing new innovation on animals must be stopped dance step by step. It might be wrong to completely ostracise testing on animals for essential medicinal research until appropriate alternatives have been created. Essay -- More than 205,000 new drugs are introduced in markets worldwide every year after undergoing various acceptance tests. Over decades, a large number of animals have been utilized for testing new drugs on them, so as to spare human life. This can be proved from the fact that early physician, scientists, such as Aristotle and Erasistratus performed experiments on living animals. Similarly, Galen who was a giant in the history of medicine conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of Anatomy and the Pathology physiology. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients. But in the recent years, it is observed that the practice of using animals for drug testing has come under rigorous criticism by the animal protection and animal rights groups. Truly medications and different medical items are routinely tried on animals before they are introduced into markets and used for human . While I tend towards the perspective that animal testing maybe ethically wrong, still I would have to support a limited amount of animal experimentation for the development of medicines keeping in mind the advantages of doing rather than just focusing on the negatives.Huma ns and animals transmit several sicknesses, and subsequently animals can act as models for the investigation of human ailment. For instance, rabbits experience the ill effects of atherosclerosis (solidifying of the arteries) and also infections, for example, emphysema, and life commencement surrenders, for example, spina bifida. Cats suffer from the ill effects of disease, diabetes and ulcers which make them candidates for exploration into these issue. From such models we figure out h... ...ing on animals such as using technological advances such as computer modeling, animation and simulation, epidemiology, in vitro research, virtual drug trials, micro dosing technologies, human cell and tissue methods, human-on-a-chip technology and post-marketing drug surveillance. Scientists have now started to adopt non animal testing methods around the globe. In some medical schools and universities animal testing have been totally replaced by the technological machines which is an advanced in vention by the mankind.In conclusion, it can be said that regardless of development in the medical field , it is now time for a change using animals as default method for testing new innovation on animals must be stopped step by step. It might be wrong to completely boycott testing on animals for essential medicinal research until appropriate alternatives have been created.

Barbados :: essays research papers

BarbadosBarbados is a small country located in the Caribbean Sea. The capital isBridgetown with a population of about 8,789. The mountain pass of state of Barbados isQueen Elizabeth II and she is represented by General Dame Nita Barrow. Thetotal population of the country is around 252,000. The primary(prenominal) language is Englishand the frequent religion is Christianity. Their date of independence wasNovember 30, 1966.Barbados is the eastern most Caribbean Island. It is about 200 milesNorth-North East of Trinidad and about 100 miles East-South East of St. Lucia.It is the second smallest country in the westbound Hemisphere. The major urbancenters in the area include Bridgetown, Speightstown, Oistins, and Holetown.The land is mainly flat except for a series of ridges that rise up to about1,000 feet and then falling towards the sea.The climate of the region consists of tropical temperatures influenced bythe Northeast trade winds. The average annual temperature is approximately 77degrees Fahrenheit. The daily temperatures rarely get preceding(prenominal) 90 degreesFahrenheit. The dry season is cool, while the wet season is slightly warmer.The main rains come during the months of July, August, September, October, andNovember. The annual average rainfall is 40 inches in the coastal areas and 90inches in the central areas.The net migration into Barbados is 4.82 per 1000. The annual growth rateis 0.4%, which is one of the lowest in the world. The annual birthrate is 15.45per 1000, and the annual deathrate is 8.27 per 1000. Barbados ranks one-fourth inthe World in population density with the overall density being 1526 per squaremile. The whole island is inhabited, leaving no sparsely populated areas. Themain race is Negro, which is about 92% of the population. The remainder of thepopulation is consists of Whites (3.8%), Mulattoes (3.8%), and East Indians(0.4%). About 70% of the population is Anglican. The other 30% belong tovarious denominations such as Morav ian, Methodist, and Roman Catholic.Barbados was once under British control from 1624. Its House of Assembly,which began in 1639, is the third oldest legislative body in the WesternHemisphere. By the time Britain leftfield in 1966, the island was completely Englishin culture. The British influence is still seen today in quaint pubs, cricketgames on the village greens, and in the universal law.Barbados government is British Parliament. The queen is the head of stateand she is represented by the governor general. The governor general appointsan advisory council. The executive authority is the Prime pastor who is OwenSeymour Arthur which came into power on September 6, 1994.

Literary Devices in Carvers Cathedral Essay -- Raymond Carver, irony

Upon reading Raymond Carvers short invoice of the Cathedral one will notice the literary devices used in the short story. When analyzing the story completely, one then understands the themes, motifs, metaphors, and the overall point of the piece. This leaves the reader with an appreciation of the story and a feeling of complete satisfaction.Carver tells the story in first person of a vote counter married to his wife. Problems occur when she wants a friend of hers, an old trick man, to visit for a while because his wife has died. The narrators wife used to flow for the blind man in Seattle when the couple was financial insecure and needed extra money. The setting here is important, because Seattle is associated with rain, and rain symbolically represents a cleansing or change. This alludes to the drastic change in the narrator in the end of the story. The wife and blind man kept in touch over the years by sending each other tape recordings of their voices which the narrator refe rs it to being his wifes chief means or recreation (pg 581). The narrator does not move chronologically, contrarily, but uses slender flashbacks to tell his point, leading up to the actual visit of the blind man where he then tells the story in a present tense. This lets the author be like he is actually telling the story in person, reflecting on past occurrences of his life when necessary. His tone however, is a cynical, crude, humorous tone that carries throughout the story. The news show choice and sentences are constructed with simple, lifelike words, which makes the reader sense the author is really telling the story to them.The narrator is biased against the blind from the beginning. For instance, he stereotypes all blind wad thinking they ... ...irst time for everything. However, because of the way her inhaled and held in the smoke, the narrator believes he has been doing it since he was nine years old (pg. 506). This alludes to Roberts childhood, another thing the narra tor and him share.Hence, upon analyzing the story, one can conclude the certain themes that parallel through the pages. Firstly, a theme of unity and trust is present at the end of the play. This is supported by the image of the cathedral, which is a place of unity. Most importantly, the notion of equality among people is the main theme within this story. The narrator starts as a biased, idiot, who dislikes all people that are not like himself. He even at times is rude to his wife. Ironically, it takes a blind man to change the man that can literally see, to rule out the prejudices and to teach him that all men are created equal.

networking :: essays research papers

Computer Network Modifications.Regional Offices.Existing Bus regional anatomy (hubs) should be replaced with ace topology using switches. In star topology, in all devices atomic number 18 connected to a common primal location, typically a hub or a switch, in this case we will be using switches. (See diagram 1) when a node sends data to the profound location, the central device retransmits the information and sends it to the destination. Because all cabling is connected to the central device , if one link fails, lone(prenominal) that portion of the network will fail. The rest of the network will not be affected. However, if the central devise fails the entire network will fail. A star topology can have a maximum of 1024 nodes on a LAN and is commonly used for 10BaseT. (IEEE 802.3) and 100BaseTX (IEEE 802.3u) Ethernet.The advantages of using a Star Topology include reliability and ease of maintenance and installation. Monitoring and troubleshooting can be maintained at the cen tral device, providing easier maintenance. A Star topology allows for greater reliability because each node is connected to the central devise by a segment. If one segment breaks, only that node loses access to the network so the rest of the network is not affected. Because each node is connected to the central device, star topologies also allow for an unaccented network layout, providing the network administrator easier installation over the other topologies.The disadvantage of this topology is cost. With each devise being connected to the central location, more cabling is necessitate than with other topologies. In addition there is a cost of the central device.This is a LAN topology in which endpoints on a network are connected to a common central switch by point to point links. A ring topology that is organised as a star implements a unidirectional closed loop star, instead of point to point links.(Diagram 1 Star Toplogy)Star topology is the most widely used models in networkin g and are extremely stableBy using Assymetric switches (10/100) over the existing CAT 5 UTP cabling.CAT 5 UTP can accommodate up to 100MB/SSwitches have many benefits. A LAN switch allows many users to communicate in parallel through the use of virtual circuits and dedicated network segments in a collision free environment. This maximises the bandwidth availability on the shared medium. Also, moving to a switched LAN environment is very cost effective because you can reuse the existing hardware and cabling. The power of the switch combined with the software to configure LANs gives network administrators greater flexibility in managing the network.

networking :: essays research papers

Computer Network Modifications.Regional Offices.Existing Bus Topology (hubs) should be replaced with star topographic anatomy using switches. In star topology, all devices ar affiliated to a common central location, typically a hub or a switch, in this case we will be using switches. (See diagram 1) when a node sends data to the central location, the central device retransmits the information and sends it to the destination. Because all cabling is connected to the central device , if one link fails, only that portion of the intercommunicate will fail. The rest of the network will not be affected. However, if the central devise fails the entire network will fail. A star topology cannister have a maximum of 1024 nodes on a local area network and is commonly used for 10BaseT. (IEEE 802.3) and 100BaseTX (IEEE 802.3u) Ethernet.The advantages of using a Star Topology include reliability and knack of maintenance and installation. Monitoring and troubleshooting can be maintained at the central device, providing easier maintenance. A Star topology allows for greater reliability because apiece node is connected to the central devise by a segment. If one segment breaks, only that node loses access to the network so the rest of the network is not affected. Because each node is connected to the central device, star topologies also allow for an easy network layout, providing the network administrator easier installation over the other topologies.The disadvantage of this topology is cost. With each devise being connected to the central location, more cabling is required than with other topologies. In addition there is a cost of the central device.This is a LAN topology in which end establishs on a network are connected to a common central switch by point to point links. A ring topology that is organised as a star implements a unidirectional closed loop star, instead of point to point links.(Diagram 1 Star Toplogy)Star topology is the most widely used models in networki ng and are extremely stableBy using Assymetric switches (10/100) over the existing rove 5 UTP cabling.CAT 5 UTP can accommodate up to 100MB/SSwitches have many benefits. A LAN switch allows many users to communicate in parallel through the use of virtual circuits and dedicated network segments in a collision free environment. This maximises the bandwidth availability on the shared medium. Also, moving to a switched LAN environment is very cost effective because you can reuse the existing hardware and cabling. The power of the switch combined with the software to configure LANs gives network administrators greater flexibility in managing the network.

To what extent can Lord of the Flies be considered a Marxist piece?

Lord of the Flies centres on a group of boys stranded on a tropical island when their plane crashes en r pop oute from England to Australia as part of an evacuation during an atomic warf atomic number 18 (hypothetical war.) The invention is es moveially an allegorical tale of the unconditioned evil of man dependable versus evil. Of the book, Golding said that he wrote it to illustrate how political schemas cannot govern ball club effectively unless they take into consideration the inherent defects of man nature. Marxism is seen as the development from an oppressive capitalist society to an equal and orderless society. Golding tries to set a utopian world within the island devoid of adult, societal constraints further in the end the innate animal characteristics of man come to the fore.Golding based his story on the 19th century novel The Coral Island written by R M Ballantyne. Whereas Ballantynes novel, an adventure story of three boys stranded on a desert island, was optimi stic, Goldings is terrifyingly pessimistic. The novel was written shortly after World War II , in the early days of the Cold War when paranoia about communism was at its height. In the early 1950s many people were accused, often falsely, of be communists (the McCarthy era in the USA at this time is a good example of this.) It is within this context that Golding wrote Lord of the Flies. The battles between Ralph and Jack, the struggles between the Conch group and the Savages and above all the fight of good versus evil, originate in a academic degree of paranoia typical of the era in which the novel was written.Lord of the Flies reflects elements of Goldings own life his experiences during the war made him second guess the traditionally held judgment that while society might be evil, man was inherently good. Golding had witnessed the evil in man, not in effect(p) in the enemy but in his own allies (he was on the ship that sank the German ship Bismarck.) Golding said in his essay Fable originally prone as part of a lecture series in 1962 My book was to say you think that now the war is over and an evil thing destroyed, you are safe because you are naturally kind and decent. but I know why the thing rose in Germany. I know it could happen in any country. It could happen here.The breakdown of order and discipline is prominent throughout the novel. This idea was drawn from Goldings experiences as a school master (his father was besides a school t individuallyer.) Golding taught in an English public school so very much of his insight was drawn largely from this. Golding felt that at the time, the education system lacked a balance between discipline and creative savedom. By placing the boys on an island without adults, free from the constraints of society, he allows the boys freedom to indulge their desires and impulses. But by setting the story in a tropical paradise, Golding allowed the boys downfall to come not through a basic struggle for survival but instead from within themselves and commented If fortuity came, it was not to come through the exploitation of one class by another. It was to rise, simply and solely, out of the nature of the brute . . . . . the only enemy of man is indoors him. (Fable, 1962.)Golding uses the varied characters in the novel to symbolise the varying degrees of heavy-handedry exhibited by man and their rift with organised civilisation. For example, piggish demands that the boys stay within the parameters of organised society his frequent references to his auntie represent the only adult voice throughout much of the novel. Jack, on the other hand, is more interested in take oning his own desires and is of the belief if its fun, do it. Ralph, however, is caught somewhere between the extremes exhibited by Piggy and Jack. It is in the clashes between Ralph and Jack that the conflict between a civilised society and a savage one are dramatised and it is in their differing attitudes towards authority that these differences in ideology are portrayed.Ralph is eager to establish order using the conch to assemble the boys and although as Golding says what intelligence had been shown was trackable to Piggy while the most obvious leader was Jack it is Ralph who is chosen as the chief. There is something about Ralph that has set him apart from the others, an innate quality but it is his hold on the conch that seems to determine his election as leader of the group. The conch symbolises the old, established adult order the boys had been used to it represents the rules and regulations or law and order of civilised society. Ralph is phonation of government and authority and uses his own authority as chief to try and establish rules (for example, you can only speak if you are holding the conch) which are for the good of the group as a whole he strives to enforce the moral rules of the society they are stranded from.Jack is the antithesis of this seeking to gain control of the boys to satisfy his basic instincts (Ralph in fact recognising Jacks disap putment at not being chosen as leader is consolatory in announcing that Jack is in shake of the choir or hunters as they quickly become.) Jacks shift or decline towards savagery is marked throughout the novel. In the early chapters, his eagerness for killing pigs is real a show of bravery but is intertwined with the need to obtain food for the group. In this sense, Jack conforms to societys rules. It is only later in the novel when Jack no coarseer recognises Ralphs authority and forms his own splinter group with the hunters that Golding shows the reader Jacks true and more dangerous character. In this way, Golding is able to highlight the fact that to a degree certain savage aspects are an inherent part of mans nature (there is an overriding will to survive in humans) nevertheless in most instances this is suppressed to welcome levels by the mores of society.Golding himself does not see the novel as a Marxist pi ece, but as an illustration of the darkness of mans heart. Whilst the novel wasnt about class differences, Golding cleverly uses the language of the boys to highlight the fact there are indeed differences. For example at the beginning of Chapter 1 when Ralph meets Piggy and he asks . . . Whats your father? When responding Piggy asks Whenll your dad rescue us?Alternate explanations from critics seem to come to the conclusion that the events of the novel were a result of circumstance and not of the evil within man. But Golding dismisses the idea that the actions of the boys were not inevitable. He suggests that the violence occurs simply and solely out of the nature of the brute. Modern critics will argue that the implying of the text is individual to each reader.I no longer believe that the author has a sort of patria potestas over his brainchildren. Once they are printed they have reached their majority and the author has no more authority over them, knows no more about them, perha ps knows less about them than the critic who comes fresh to them, and sees them not as the author hoped they would be, but as what they are (Golding, Fable)Golding is suggesting that the meaning of a text is not always governed by the author, so although he clearly did not intend for Lord of the Flies to be a Marxist piece, it could be argued that it has become one. It could be argued that given Goldings life experiences and his fathers put to work, this was inevitable.Rogers sadistic manner was only stopped by the taboos and laws of society, but without these constraints he is uneffective to unleash the id that is caged by society, but is a demonic feature of the human psyche. In the chapter Painted Faces and Long Hair Roger is seen along with Maurice to destroy the Littluns castle. Then Roger throws stones at Henry, although deliberately misses in this sense his action is controlled by the presence of the rules of society. Later in Castle Rock Roger, feeling that all aspects o f civilised society have disappeared is now free of the constraints imposed by society and so unleashes his true savagery by throwing a stone at Piggy this time deliberately aimed to harm. It can be argued that Golding uses Roger, who becomes the epitome of savage when he murders Piggy, to embody the central theme of the novel.The conflict between desire and moral obligation is a central theme of the novel. Golding uses the divers(prenominal) personalities of the boys to indicate the varied degrees of savagery that humans demonstrate. Piggy juxtaposes Roger as he exhibits no animalistic qualities and adheres to societys rules. Golding expresses that this vehemence is a more natural aspect of human conduct and that culture forces compassion onto us rather than it being a natural human instinct. Even the naval officer recognises that the boys have become out of control his comment to Ralph that they might have been able to put up a better show than that . . . illustrates this Ralp h recognises that in the beginning they were a cohesive group, a society.The signal fires purpose is to hopefully attract the attention of a passing ship so that the boys may be saved. Metaphorically, indicates how savage the boys have become and how further they have moved away from socially acceptable behaviour. The boys start the fire using Piggys glasses in an attempt to be rescued .This suggests that they still long for the order of civilisation. As the fire diminishes, we notice decay in the moral obligations the boys feel and they become more savage. The signal fire allows the reader to gauge how much of society is left on the island. Golding uses dramatic irony at the end of the novel when the officer arrives on the island. Ironically the fire is the antithesis of society at this point in the novel it has now become a metaphor for the ferocity that man is capable of.The boys ask for some sign of the beast the sign sent by the grown-ups is the dead parachutist the beast is a dead pilot Golding uses this to signify the chaos of an adult world at war. In chapter 5, Simon says What I mean is maybe its only us. Simon suggests that the beastie is just a creation of the boys. It is the fear of the unknown that brings the beast to life. Simons idea is one that links with Goldings views of humanitys savagery. Simon is the only boy on the island who does not abandon his morals, but he is savagely killed when he tries to help the rest of the boys. Simons morality is overwhelmed by the other boys amorality, so while Golding does not strike that mankind doesnt exhibit kindness, he does make the point that it is powerless when the rest of the world is evil.The island is a microcosm of society, and the boys represent different political ideologies. Ralph represents democracy, whilst Jack, with his symbolic red hair, represents communism. The boys influence on the island itself can also be seen as a metaphor for human mollycoddleion of the planet. The forest scar created by the crashing plane symbolises the encroachment of corrupt civilisation onto the island.NOTESWhat makes things break up like they do? is the poignant question Piggy asks Ralph. Golding himself blames the breakdown of the islands democracy on the innate greed and ferocity that is an occupational hazard of being human. In a lecture at the University of California in 1962 he said So the boys try toconstruct a civilization on the island but it breaks down in blood and terror because the boys are suffering from the terrible disease of being human.The fire is diatronically opposed to catch which is the activity of anarchy.Ralph portrays democracy and the role of government in any modern society. He strives to satisfy the demands of the public at large but recognises that certain rules of behaviour must be followed in order to prevent anarchy.Anarchy eventually defeats order Golding believed that government is ineffective in keeping people together. No head how logical or rea sonable government is, it will in the end give way to anarchical demands of the public.

History of Russian Thought Essay

Russian policy-making and social thought remains a mystery to many historians, often insisting that Russia neatly follow horse opera European categories of development and thought. Rejecting this odd sort of Euro-centrism is the first task of the intellectual historian, and from this point of view has Walicki made his career as the wests promethium historian of Russian semipolitical theory. Given the fact that this book is 467 pages, it is not this reviews intention to summarize the contents of this work, but alternatively to patronage itself with method and the approach to this complex and ill-understood subject.A good place to start might be the basic class distinctions in Russian society. It is no separatrix that the book begins with two highly related objects the rise of enlightenment thought under Catherine II (the Great) and, concomitant with this rise, the development of an elitist, dismal opposition to the crown. This start of most sort of Enlightenment-based critici sm of monarchy derives both from westbound sandwich sources, that specifically of Montesquieu, as well as ancient Russian sources, that specifically of the ancient boyar duma, or elect multitude of the land.Hence, the stage is set for the remainder of the book the constant fluctuation, often confusing, between modern, western models of political critique pleasantly seasoned with large doses of ancient political institutions. It is never made clear, and it is the likes ofly impossible to make clear, which element took center stage, the west or the ancient institutions. Among the Russian Slavophiles, major critics of Peter the Great and his western reforms, it is made clear.The Slavophiles, a specifically mystic, and Christian movement, almost Rousseauian in its basic social theory, based their approach on the criticism of the crown on the ancient Russian institutions of the peasant commune, the boyar Duma and the ancient piety of the Russian Church. Hence, early on, Walicki crates a typological distinction that defines the entire work that between the more or less western-style, progressive tense rejection of monarchical totalism, and a more peasant-based and communal criticism of the centralization of royal power.Neither approach rejects monarchy per se, but they criticize the development of the Petrine state, that is the centralized, expensive, militarized and bureaucratic absolutism introduced into Russia by Peter the Great as incompatible with Russian traditions. In terms of this typology, the most extreme of the first group might be the Decembrist movement, curiously in the musical theme masonic societies of Paul Pestel.Unlike many historians, Walicki refuses to ignore the powerful part played by Masons in 18th and 19th hundred Russian history. The Decembrists, like nearly all opposition movements in the mid 19th century, was both Masonic and down(p), having few roots among the common people. Ultimately, Pestel rejected monarchy altogether, demandin g an aristocratic based popular assembly elected by full and universal suffrage without property qualifications.He promised Poland its independence, and even became the first Russian Zionist, holding that Jews who refused to make into the new Russia would be sent to Palestine to create a new Jewish nation with government assistance. He was joined in the revolutionary driveway by the Society of fall in Slavs, also aristocratic and military based, who fought with Pestel over ideological concerns, chief of which was the place of old Russian institutions in the new society.The United Slavs, slightly less radical then Pestels organization, desire to base the new democratic order on the old Russian institutions of the duma and collective agriculture arrangements. Now, while the Decembrists ultimately failed, largely due to internal divisions and their lack of understanding of Russian conditions, the real significance of these movements was to give the aristocracy a public computer p rogramme run by semi-secret organizations, in the Decembrist case, military societies.The very fact that these groups were wealthy and aristocratic proves their limitations, and does show, as Walicki insists, that there is no distinction between class and political ideology, since political ideology was largely dictated by class status, at least in the sense that Russian nobles viewed themselves as heir to old Russia rather than to Petrine Russia. exactly just what they meant by old Russia is another story, and itself is a powerful subtext to this work.The approach to Freemasonry in Russia is worth a review in itself. Rarely dealt with in a serious way, the Masons are depicted by Walicki as the last refuge of the old aristocracy both accepting and rejecting the western Enlightenment. The failure in this otherwise excellent section is whether or not the public statements of the Masonic addressrs were truly the belief of the order, or were simply exoteric utterances of the initiated speaking to a retroflex society.Nevertheless, Masonry (and Walicki holds that these were mostly funded by foreign sources) became a sort of pseudo-religion for the transferated old aristocrats long pushed out of power by the distant, upstart Petersburg bureaucracy. It is clear that the Masons were strictly clubs for the wealthy, sought to usher in a new golden age of history and looked down upon finance. These rather odd confluences of ideas simply tell us what little the Masons ere free to speak about in public, or, even more, the fact that the aristocracy was using Masonry to challenge the organization of the Petersburg bureaucracy.Either way, masonry was a means whereby the old aristocracy could organize their forces and pool resources, but whether there was a political program that was basically agreed upon is another matter. Pestels group came the closest. It is rare that the western Enlightenment is trade wholesale into Russia. In fact, Pestel is an exception in that rega rd. At first, the famed Russian polemicist Peter Chaadaev held that western Europe should be imported to Russia, since, as he became famous for saying, Russia has no history. Chaadaev made himself infamous in Russia by holding that there was no Russian history until Peter the Great made elite Russia European, slyly assuming that historical nations are European, technically advanced and based on baconian scientific models of administration. But his fascination with such things faded early on in his career, as both the revolutionary fervor of France and the dominance of the bourgeois repelled him. For Chaadaev, Old Europe was that of the medieval aristocracy rather than the modern, revolutionary bourgeois.Later figures like Alexander Herzen began their own careers with the same approach, only to actually live in England and France in exile, eventually returning to Russia with a loathing for European fashions and political ideologies. But all of these distinctions can be brought under our original methodological heading the aristocratic opposition to the crown and the forms that this amphetamine class agitation can take. The worry with this approach is that it leaves out the peasantry as a politically active part of the population.The fact that Walicki has no reference to the Old Believers and their strict, Russian Orthodox anarchism that numbered about 20 million followers by the middle of the 19th century is a major, glaring fault in the work itself. But, without saying so explicitly, this work seems to flap around the aristocracy and the modes that their opposition to the Petrine state took over time. But the positive side to this approach is that it proves, contrary to typical courses in political theory, that radicalism in Russia was an hurrying class phenomenon and had few roots with the peasants, who were inclined to the Old Belief.Class status here meant that the higher one found oneself in the economic or aristocratic hierarchy, the more you were incl ined to oppose the state (which itself, was based on a service bureaucracy rather than the old aristocracy) and the more one was to lean to radical theories of either economics or politics. The smattering of detail this review offers seeks to suggest that the aristocratic splits in Russian society are responsible for the development of its political ideas.Even more, if a thesis of this work can be found, this is likely it. Masonry, materialism, communitarianism, and even Marxism (though much later) all stem from the various battles among aristocratic and otherwise upper class factions. What they had in common was that they were wealthy, urban and sought to bring about a semi-utopia by force and revolution, bringing the dark masses to a unfeigned knowledge of their destiny and social importance.Hence, all of these movements opposed the monarchy in one sense or another. With very few exceptions, these movements all began rather enamored with western ideas, only to be repelled by them once actual contact with westerners became a fact. But the enlightenment was not rejected, only dressed in Russian clothing. but the Leninists broke this mold, importing Marxism from Germany with few modifications, without the slightest concession to Russia as a cultural entity.The very fact that Leninism was so bizarre in Russian history shows how alien it was from currents of even the most radical thought in Russia and hence, how it was forced to impose itself by violence. What seems to link all Russian radical ideas together is that they were not Leninists, in the sense that they all looked to Russian tradition for the germs of radical institution-building. Hence, one can conclude by holding that Russian radicalism sought to build enlightenment ideas on old Russian institutions. A project destroyed by Lenin, largely never to be revived.

“Me Talk Pretty One Day” by David Sedaris Essay

Write an essay (900-1200 words) in which you analyse and comment on David Sedaris essay Me Talk Pretty One twenty-four hours. Part of your essay must focus on the writers tone and on the stance to learning foreign languages that is explored in the text.TextMe Talk Pretty One Day, an essay by David Sedaris, 2005. The essay Me Talk Pretty One Day is an essay about a guy learning a foreign language, written by David Sedaris. The main character(David) moved from New York to France, to learn the language. As he initiative moved to France, he was excited. He would not mind talking to people and having a conversation with them on French, but that changed after he had his first class. The writers tone is calm. He does not seem as a guy who has any injustice towards anyone, basically he seems like a decent guy. But as he turns up at his first class, his appearance changes and so does his reflections. He does certainly not like his teacher. He mentions The teacher killed some time accusing the Yugoslavian girl of masterminding a program of genocide, and I jotted frantic notes in the margins of my pad. The sentence The teacher killed some time accusing the Yugoslavian girl says something about his thoughts about her. By saying that she was killing some time of accusing a girl of something, he shows a controvert side about her.He does not mention any good-related thing about her at all. He definitely dislikes his teacher, and he comments her ways of teaching, in his experience mind. He explains how ignorant she is. He mentions that she accidentally poked a girl in the eye with a pen, but according to the teacher, it was the girls own fault. David, the writer does not deficiency to be humiliated by her. As she kills time humiliating the other students. David wants to prepare himself for the worst case scenario, so that he might get the fortune to not be humiliated and stepped on, in front of his new class-mates, and especially his new teacher. Ex I took to spending f our hours a night on my homework, putting in even more time whenever we were assigned an essay. I suppose I could have gotten by with less, but I was determined to induce some sort of identity for myself David the hard worker. He wanted to create a new identity for himself. He mentions the hard worker.

CTV Newsnet Case Analysis

Chapter 3 CTV Newsnet pic 1. Abstract In January 2000, the CTV Newsnet was confronted with a threat to its written key out and growth. A tape with stinking remarks made by the News broadcaster A rattling Haines were aired mistakenly, and it aro mathematical functiond great public indignation. By means of OB analysis, we found that Haines dispositional characteristics such as let out emotional stability and lack of conscientiousness, heavy sketchplace stress, and different ascription processes conducted by the anchor, her coworkers and the consultation may all be causes of that crisis.Therefore, we suggest that CTV Newsnet could deal with its reputation crisis and prevent the similar technical and behavioural mistakes in the future as the fol offseting 1) communication impressively with the viewers about the companys jimmy and attitude toward this incident, 2) dictatedting up positive reinforcers and punishment rules to incite desirable behaviour and exterminate undesira ble behaviour, 3) holding periodical seminar to strengthen employees awareness of work ethics, 4) doing contemplate redesign to verify job tasks and reduce work force per unit area, and 5) providing proper training programs to improve employees cognitive abilities and professional skills. Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2 2. Introduction 4 3. Case Analysis 4 3. 1 Personality 4 3. 2 Stress 5 3. 3 Actor-observer Effect7 4. Solutions8 4. 1 Operant breeding Theory8 4. 2 Coping with Stress 9 4. 3 ascription Theory 10 5. Conclusion 11 6. Bibliography12 7. Appendices13 2. Introduction The news channel, CTV Newsnet, had been playing important design in practicing the CTV Inc. s philosophy which emphasizes the social commitment, such as caring about farming issues. However, in January, 2000, CTV Newsnet had faced a severe challenge to uphold its reputation.This incident started with the CTV Newsnet anchor Avery Haines, who had stuttered and flubbed while recording a report introduction o n farmer issues. In vow to cover her deliver embarrassment and puff the tension for other co-workers in the studio, she made a clandestine self-deprecating jocularity which included inappropriate remarks about various minorities. Of course, they retaped this part, but later that mean solar day, a CTV technician mistakenly aired the wrong tape which included the error and the offensive comment to the public. Soon after, mountains of criticism and suspicions about CTVs professionalism and integrity flooded into the company. The adventure of this fatal mistake indeed had adverse impacts on the companys reputation as well as its further expansion plan.Thus, the purpose of our report is to decrease the mishap of qualification small but fatal mistakes among employees and to improve their smell out of responsibility. 3. Casa Analysis 3. 1 Personality and the Big Five Personality jakes be described as the individuals personal style to deal with the world. For Haines, there is a w hole mixture of features that describe her personality. When hiring Haines as a Hostess for CTV, Kowalski, the CTV News senior vice-president and general manager was applying one of the key concepts of OB the fitted concept (textbook P41). Indeed, Kowalski felt immediately that Haines is the right person to fit in the fast-paced and demanding milieu of TV. Kowalski was impressed by her personal and professional qualifications.At the professional level, Haines had won many awards, shown a high level of performance, and earned roomy popularity. At the personal level, and according to the five-factor model of personality, Haines showed her openness (she was creative and eager to move forward from radio to television), agreeableness (she humbly accepted criticism and advice, and alone committed to the job) and extraversion (she was interested in everything and had quickly gained the support and affection from her co-workers) (Ng, et al. , 2005). However, her lack of emotional stabili ty (self-confidence) and consciousness (responsibility) didnt appear to Kowalski until the fatal errors occurred.In fact, Haines self-depreciating joke to cover her embarrassment and hide her vulnerability and awkwardness is a display of the lack of confidence and consideration of the consequences. According to the intereactionist approach, organizational behaviour is a utilisation of both dispositions and the situation (George, 1992). Indeed, Haines was facing a weak situation where there are loosely find outd roles and few rules, so its hard to define appropriate behaviour (Adler & Weiss, 1988). As a result, personality tends to have most impact in weak situations, which was the case of Haines behaviour. 3. 2 Stress It was a very long day in CTV, they were preparing for a show talking about the farmers story which attracted growing attention all over Canada, and Haines ascribable to being hard-pressed made her famous mistake.Stress can be defined as a psychological reaction t o the demands inherent in a stressor that has the potential to make a person feel tense or anxious (McGrath, 1970). In our case, the viewers of the broadcasting on the farmers issue were the potential stressors to Haines, whereas Haines was also the potential stressor to her co-workers. Haines personality which was discussed originally can mainly determine the extent to which the potential stressor becomes a real stressor, and it also determines how she reacted to stress behaviourally, psychologically, and physiologically. This can explain why Haines can be a potential stressor who exerted in turn stress on the work environment in which employees actions were affected and the wrong tape mistake was made.In terms of Locus of simpleness (which is a set of beliefs about whether ones behaviour is controlled by mainly internal or external forces), Haines reacted in this way since she was an external person. This casing of people are more likely to feel anxious in the face of potentia l stressors (Ng, et al. , 2006), and thats the case of Haines when she made her famous mistake she was disquieted and started making jokes to overcome her mistake, unlike if she was an internal person (which internal factors determine her personality) she would have confronted her stressors. Furthermore, Haines suffered from managerial and executive stress, since she had a work overload on the day of the incident.Also, Haines has a heavy responsibility and her work carried considerate significance to CTVs philosophy which addresses social commitment thus, not only she was under great pressure but also her co-workers, which increased the possibility of the occurrence of the tape mistake. Finally, other general stress factors such as work-family conflict, Job insecurity, and role ambiguity big businessman affect the level of stress among CTV employees and led to the problem in the workplace. 3. 3 Actor-observer Effect According to Attribution theory, peoples behavior can be attribut ed to dispositional and situational causes though they are not always accurate. When people are forming attribution to explain others behavior, biases and errors are hard to avoid.Thus, in the CTV Newsnet case, Haines and her colleagues in the studio did not discriminate her joking as a big problem on the other hand, viewers were more likely to attribute her comments to her real disposition. The fact that viewers and her co-workers had different perceptions of Hainess joking reflected the actor-observe effect in attributing process (Watson, 1982).. In this case, Haines tended to attribute her making joke to some external factors. They may include her extreme fatigue duty with the heavy workload, the attempt to ease the embarrassment, and the certainty of a second recording. This is because Haines as an actor is more sensitive than observers (the audience) of the pros and cons that the environment offered (Textbook, p83).Moreover, she knew exactly her own thoughts and intentions whi ch is to get herself and her co-workers relaxed. In general, people know better anout how and why their behavior varies by situations, while the observers tend to guess. In terms of the perspectives of Haines co-workers, they would also attribute Haines behavior to the external causes because they mum Haines motivation and thoughts in that specific situation, and they also know her personality well. They usually saw Haines as a talented, reliable and unbiased person. Thus, coworkers might perceive her making improper joke as an accident due to the low consistency and high distinctiveness of her this behaviour (Medcof, 1990).As the observer of Hainess behaviour, CTV viewers had high possibility to commit the fundamental attribution error through overemphasizing dispositional causes and ignoring the possible environmental factors that may incur her joke making (Jones, 1979). Because viewers lacked the knowledge about the constraints, private thoughts, feelings, and intentions regardi ng Hainess behaviour, they intuitively assumed that the anchors making discriminatory remarks reflected her real thoughts. Hence, they inevitablly felt horrified and annoyed. 4. Solutions 4. 1 Operant Learning theory What happened to the CTV Newsnet indicated cardinal main problems that threatened the maintenance of its reputation and integrity, less professional broadcasting and inferior technical error. Both behavioural mistakes should be eliminated for the sake of the entire company.According to the operant learning theory, two approaches could help CTV newsnet to improve their operationing effectiveness. One approach is to use appropriate positive and negative reinforcement to stimulate desired behaviour. The other is to use extinction and punishment to stop undesired behaviour (Textbook P49-55). In order to avoid such basic technical misconduct on the short-term basis, the CTV managers could cod positive reinforcement by establishing periodical employee recognition programs. They include offerring financial rewards quarterly or annually to error-free employees and employees who made significant progress in their work.Moreover, a long-term training and development program can be conducted for technicians to learn how to operate the broadcasting equipment properly and efficiently as well as to tangle new technologies and upgrade their professional knowledge. To minimize the similar mishap made by Haines, CTV should create clear communication channel between company and employees to encourage a more direct feedback. It will give help the organization find out their employees personal or work-related difficulties so that their performance can be enhanced (Peterson & Luthans, 2006). If employees problems were incurred by too much workload, managers should consider hiring extra staff or enhancing the efficiency of management to cut the workload for employees.If making mistake was due to the lack of job interest and enthusiasm, the company could offer employe es the opportunity to rotate among different positions or grand employees more controling power over their tasks to raise their sense of involvement. Meanwhile, through the negative reinforcement, the upper management may also monitor employees job performance and behaviour. Building up a more strict set of operational rules helps prohibit undesirable behaviours in the studio. Any breach of the rules could lead to disciplinary actions such as a verbal inform, a written warning or an ultimate dismissal. Employees attemppt to eliminate these unpleasant outcomes (warning and dismissal) can motivate them to obey the rules (textbook, p50).Although punishment might cause unwanted impacts on employees working enthusiasm, it is a effective way to prohibit seriously adverse behaviour sometimes. It also serves as a sound warning for other potential mistake-makers and a necessary via media for easing the public anger. In CTV case, Haines should be fired for her unprofessional behaviour thoug h unintentional since it already incurred a huge wave of public irritation. The technician who contend the wrong tape should also be punished for his or her carelessness. However, using punishment should always be careful. 4. 2 Coping with stress In order to reduce and overcome the stress which could occur in the work place now and in future, CTV should start implementing concrete actions.For example, doing job redesign that changes the job judiciousness and breadth can rebuild the job tasks with more diversity and authority. CTV could socially support its employees by planning events and activities which can improve the employees social life. The mankind resource department could establish a family friendly policy for the employees, which will allow the staff to balance better between their job duties and family responsibilities (Grant & Parker, 2009). Finally CTV could also introduce stress management programs and work balance programs to allow its employees to arrange their ti me and tasks effectively with a wisely designed working schedule. . 3 Attribution theory Concerning the above analysis, some work-related attitudes among employees in CTV Inc. should be modified or reinforced. Since attitudes can be modified through persuasively changing peoples beliefs and values (Textbook, p120), holding seminars and developing training programs can indeed help improve the work-related attitudes of CTV workers. First, employees should improve their awareness of the limitation of viewers knowledge about the journalists or broadcasters personal conditions. Interactive activities involving CTV employees and CTV viewers can be conducted to help them establish better mutual understanding.Then, mangers can hold discussion panels to reinforce the belief that working in CTV requires rigorous work ethics and extensive sense of responsibility, especially as journalists and broadcasters. And through these trainings, the employees will be encouraged to ponder internal factors for their own behavior and be more aware that their self-perceived minor mistakes could be fatal to the further growth of their company. Besides, CTV Newsnet should enhancee its employees personal skills to maintain its professionalism and reliability. According to the concepts of job performance, individual job performance is heavily affected by his or her general cognitive ability, which refers to intelligence (Textbook, P149).Training programs can be conducted to refine speaking skills of the anchors so that they can be more careful and thoughtful about wording when broadcasting the public information. Moreover, periodical seminars can be held to retain employees proper consciousness of political, religious and ethnical issues and to enrich their storage of the relevant knowledge. 5. Conclusion About decade ago, CTV Newsnet anchor Avery Haines offensive remarks were aired mistakenly and caused great controversies in the public. The management was facing a severe challenge the ne ws stations reputation and growth were threatened. Through OB analysis we have found that certain traits of Haines personality, i. e. low level of emotional stableness and ack of conscientiousness, workplace stress from too much workload and pressure, as well as different attribution processes conducted by the anchor, her coworkers and the audience may all causes contributing to the problem. CTV Newsnet could deal with its reputation crisis and avoid these technical and behavioural errors in the future by taking the right steps communicating effectively with the audience about the companys value and attitude toward this incident, setting up positive reinforcers and punishment rules to encourage desirable behaviour and eliminate undesirable behaviour, doing job redesign to clarify roles and reduce workload, and providing proper training programs to improve employees cognitive abilities and awareness of work ethics. Bibliography 1. Adler, S. , & Weiss, H. M. (1988).Recent developments in the study of personality and organizational behaviour. In C. L. Cooper & I. Robertson (Eds. ), International review of industrial and organizational psychology. New York Wiley. 2. George, 1992 Weiss, H. M. , & Adler, S. (1984). Personality and organizational behaviour. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds. ), Research in organizational behaviour (Vol. 6, 1-50). Greenwich, CT JAI Press. 3. Grant, A. M. , & Parker, S. K. (2009). Redesigning work design theories The rise of relational and proactive perspectives. Academy of Management Annal, 3, 317-375. 4. Jones, E. E. (1979). The rocky road from acts to dispositions. American Psychologist, 34, 107-117 Ross, L. (1977).The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings Distortions in the attribution process. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 173-220. 5. McGrath, J. E. (1970). A conceptual formulation for research on stress. In J. E. McGrath(Ed. ), Social and psychological factors in stress. New York Holt, Rinehart, Winston. 6. Medcof, J. W. (1990). PEAT An integrative model of attribution processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 111-209. 7. Ng, T. W. H. , Eby, L. T. , Sorensen, K. L. , & Feldma, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success A meta-analysis. Personal Psychology,58, 367-408. 8. Ng, T. W. H. , Sorensen, K. L. ,&Eby, L. T. (2006).Locus of control at work A meta-analysis. Journal of organizational Behavior, 27, 1057-1087. 9. Parasuraman, S. & Alutto, J. A. (1981). An examination of the organization antecedents of stressors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 24, 48-67. 10. Peterson, S. J. ,& Luthans, F. (2006). The impact of financial and nonfinancial incentives on business-unit outcomes over time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 156-165. 11. Saks. A. M. , Gary. J. (2011). Organizational Behaviour. Toronto Pearson Prentice Hall. eighth edition. (textbook) 12. Watson, D. (1982). The actor and the observer How are their perceptions of causality divergent? Psychological Bulletin, 92, 682-700.

Analysis of “The Happy Man”

Im going to crumple a novel The Happy Man by Somerset Maugham, a well-kn testify(a) English novelist, short- stratum writer, playwright and essayist. William Somerset Maugham was born in Paris, educated at Kings school in Canterbury and studied to be a doctor at St. Thomas Hospital in England. He was one of the better known writers of his time as he was master of short stories. The grade starts with the bank clerk thinking and telling the reader about his attitude to giving advice to fewbody. He thinks it to be quite difficult and even impossible to give the right advice as we know nothing of the others.The complete starting signal paragraph of the story is prone to the vote counters expressing the opinion on actionspan, the hu earthner of bourgeois society and the risk of infection of ordering the lives of others. Then the author goes on telling a story that once happened to the fibber. This novel runs about a desperate man who confided his heart to a summarise st ranger. The theme of the novel a mans front for happiness the role of advice in the life of people. The of import characters of the story are the fibber and Stephens. The main character is the narrator.There is no any information about his way in the text. The only one thing about his age is the information that he was a young man when he advised well. Nevertheless we bottomland judge about his character from his thoughts, behavior and speech. The description of his character is indirect. He is a wise man he knows that it is impossible to know another persons as well as oneself to give him/her advice which would be veracious for him/her. And he is bold ample for a man who dares to give the life changing advice to a man he bump into for the first time.The narrator was an intelligent, clever and lambent. We locoweed judge by his way of narration, speech. He is an educated person, he uses literary vocabulary mostly, for instance, such(prenominal) words as errand, flounder, sq ueamish, silences. Connotation of words is positive and the way the author uses the literary productions teams makes the story understandable and close to the readers. He was a doctor only when didnt practice. And first of all he was a writer. He was an experienced person, philosopher and good psychologist, because he could say for sure who the man was and what life was.He thought a lot about life and tried to understand the take to be of life. And life is something that you displace lead but once He is responsible man. He has a lancinating eye for details which reveal Stephens inside(a) state he (Stephens) had some difficulty in lighting cigarette without letting go absent his hat. He quickly did this and while doing it dropped his umbrella. Stephens portrayal is subjective and the reader sees eitherthing from the narrators point of view. Stephens represent and images. The first is Stephens who lives in London.He sensitive and emotional, the proof is cosmos the usage of illustrations and epithets in his speech. Each one facilitate of this metaphor the author shows the narrators outlook on the relations between people and the impossible action of knowing a person well enough to give him advice. The next metaphor There are men who flounder at the journeys start is aimed at making speech much colorful and evoke, so that the whole scene readily presents itself to the readers eye It is an un golden man, bored with his life, who doesnt arrive air one female genitalia breathe in London.Stephens inner state, his emotions are depicted through the narrators evaluation of Stephens sentences. He finds striking and sharp. These epithets are apply by the author to show that Stephens could not genuinely stick his life any more. He is fed up with the unremarkable of being a medical officer because that was all he had to look ahead the far the rest of life. Even good money of London back tootht stop him from leaning for an uncertainty in Spain. The secon d image, that is a intelligent man, and he is presented by Stephens living in Spain. He satisfied with his life though he is rather shabbily dressed.The happiness and content with life can be seen through all the narrators description of Stephens mien his eyes twinkled gaily, his face bore and expression of perfect good-humor. This metaphor helps us to arrive at the idea of Stephens happiness. The burlesque Stephens uses I wouldnt commutation the life I have had that of any king in would shows the highest degree of being skilful. Another exaggeration used by the author you couldnt have imagined a more delightful creature to drink a glass of vino with is aimed at show the authors positive attitude to Stephens.So, the two images a happy and unhappy man are opposed to each other. The stylistic device used in this case, it is the contrast, its function is to bring some phenomena in opposition and find differentiate features. This Stylistic device helps us to state the main idea of the story, which twists rough the theme of happiness. Stephens make his happiness in Spain, where is air one can breathe while in London there was no possibility for him to enjoy life. The contrast between Spain and London shows the drawback of Londons society in which Stephens wouldnt like to live any longer.While his wife, who preferred to go back to Camberwell, found her happiness there. Thus the main idea states that e precise person has his own understanding of happiness. We can divide the novel into three logical parts in order to understand it better. It is a narrative text. The key in the first part is rather pessimistic, deeply psycological, and sometimes we can say that it is rather negative. This could be proved if we look at the metaphors the author use he compares every man to a captive in a solitary tower, life to a difficult business. Another metaphor is used when he says that some people flounder at the journeys start.So we see that the author tries to make u s ready for the future accidents, and to show us the difference between the past wrapped in the dark cloud of tidy sum and the future. The second part was written in the form of a intercourse between the patient and our hero. We can see the despair of a stranger, because he uses short, sharp sentences, to emphasize it the author told us that they had a forcible ring. The visitor seems to be very tired of life, he is passive, but he wants to change something in it, that is why to show us the antagonistic character of the visitor, the author uses an oxymoron bright dark eyes.The ordinal part is lyrical, and a bit romantic. In the third part, our main character comes to Seville, and tries to find that stranger. He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, his room was littered with papers, books, medical appliances and lumber but he was really happy. It could be seen from his description a dissipated, though antirely sympathetic appearance, and of course from his murmuring life is full of compensations. The stylistic devices, used in the story, make the narration more interesting and attracting readers attention. They reveal the object of depiction in a deep mode and make the narration more emotional.The author uses the contrast on the level of the text. With its help he conveys the main idea of the text, his attitude to the characters. The syntactical pattern is not very difficult and it doesnt do any difficulty to follow the main idea. Somerset Maugham doesnt use many details. Every used detail is important from the authors view point and carefully selected. So the author used such stylistic devices as metaphor a prisoner in solitary tower, dark cloak of Destiny etc. The narrator shows the readers his attitude towards life, thinks about the value of life. Hyperbole I wouldnt exchange the life.Ive had with that of any king in the world is used to show that Stephens was very happy and wasnt concerned about material things. So, also in the story there is an invers ion and repetition Poor I have been and poor I always be. Parallel syntactical constructions such as I was, I never, Ive never done, there is sunshine, there is good wine underline the importance of what Stephens told. The sentences in the story are rather sincere and complete, the paragraphs are balanced. Also, there are rhetorical questions with the help of them the author tries to understand what the value of life are.There are a lot of antithesis Stephenss salary was middling good, but his clothes where shabby, in the beginning he was an unhappy man and in the end he was a happy one, Spain is full of emotions, freedom, romantic, and England is conservative. Allusions Carmen a symbol of Spain, of freedom etc. The text is a descriptive one there are many descriptive signals a modest apartment, a total stranger, an apologetic laugh, a cursory glance, a little man, a wonderful life, wanton indisposition, a squeamish patient, a dim recollection, a Spanish char and others. Descr iptive words make the text expressive and vivid.The author employs many contextual synonyms, which make the language expressive dangerous, hazardous unwillingly, forced confused, embarrassed a total stranger, a perfect stranger alter, change twinkled, shone. The story is devoted to the riddle of humans ability to change his life. For some people it is very difficult to live another life and they prefer to be in the identical way all their lives. We shouldnt be afraid of new changes, because life is full of compensations. If a person is afraid to take risks and change his life, he cannot take over to gain anything. So, as they say, he that fears every bush must never go birding.Analysis of The Happy ManIm going to analyze a novel The Happy Man by Somerset Maugham, a well-known English novelist, short-story writer, playwright and essayist. William Somerset Maugham was born in Paris, educated at Kings school in Canterbury and studied to be a doctor at St. Thomas Hospital in England. He was one of the best known writers of his time as he was master of short stories. The story starts with the narrator thinking and telling the reader about his attitude to giving advice to somebody. He thinks it to be quite difficult and even impossible to give the right advice as we know nothing of the others.The whole first paragraph of the story is devoted to the narrators expressing the opinion on life, the manner of bourgeois society and the danger of ordering the lives of others. Then the author goes on telling a story that once happened to the narrator. This novel runs about a desperate man who confided his life to a total stranger. The theme of the novel a mans search for happiness the role of advice in the life of people. The main characters of the story are the narrator and Stephens. The main character is the narrator.There is no any information about his appearance in the text. The only one thing about his age is the information that he was a young man when he advised w ell. Nevertheless we can judge about his character from his thoughts, behavior and speech. The description of his character is indirect. He is a wise man he knows that it is impossible to know another persons as well as oneself to give him/her advice which would be good for him/her. And he is bold enough for a man who dares to give the life changing advice to a man he see for the first time.The narrator was an intelligent, clever and bright. We can judge by his way of narration, speech. He is an educated person, he uses literary vocabulary mostly, for instance, such words as errand, flounder, squeamish, silences. Connotation of words is positive and the way the author uses the literature teams makes the story understandable and close to the readers. He was a doctor but didnt practice. And first of all he was a writer. He was an experienced person, philosopher and good psychologist, because he could say for sure who the man was and what life was.He thought a lot about life and tried to understand the value of life. And life is something that you can lead but once He is responsible man. He has a sharp eye for details which reveal Stephens inner state he (Stephens) had some difficulty in lighting cigarette without letting go off his hat. He quickly did this and while doing it dropped his umbrella. Stephens portrayal is subjective and the reader sees everything from the narrators point of view. Stephens represent and images. The first is Stephens who lives in London.He sensitive and emotional, the proof is being the usage of metaphors and epithets in his speech. Each one help of this metaphor the author shows the narrators outlook on the relations between people and the impossibility of knowing a person well enough to give him advice. The next metaphor There are men who flounder at the journeys start is aimed at making speech more colorful and interesting, so that the whole scene readily presents itself to the readers eye It is an unhappy man, bored with his life, who doesnt find air one can breathe in London.Stephens inner state, his emotions are depicted through the narrators evaluation of Stephens sentences. He finds striking and sharp. These epithets are used by the author to show that Stephens could not really stick his life any more. He is fed up with the routine of being a medical officer because that was all he had to look forward the far the rest of life. Even good money of London cant stop him from leaning for an uncertainty in Spain. The second image, that is a happy man, and he is presented by Stephens living in Spain. He satisfied with his life though he is rather shabbily dressed.The happiness and content with life can be seen through all the narrators description of Stephens appearance his eyes twinkled gaily, his face bore and expression of perfect good-humor. This metaphor helps us to get the idea of Stephens happiness. The exaggeration Stephens uses I wouldnt exchange the life I have had that of any king in would shows the highest degree of being happy. Another exaggeration used by the author you couldnt have imagined a more delightful creature to drink a glass of wine with is aimed at revealing the authors positive attitude to Stephens.So, the two images a happy and unhappy man are opposed to each other. The stylistic device used in this case, it is the contrast, its function is to bring some phenomena in opposition and find differentiate features. This Stylistic device helps us to state the main idea of the story, which twists around the theme of happiness. Stephens found his happiness in Spain, where is air one can breathe while in London there was no possibility for him to enjoy life. The contrast between Spain and London shows the drawback of Londons society in which Stephens wouldnt like to live any longer.While his wife, who preferred to go back to Camberwell, found her happiness there. Thus the main idea states that every person has his own understanding of happiness. We can divide the novel i nto three logical parts in order to understand it better. It is a narrative text. The key in the first part is rather pessimistic, deeply psycological, and sometimes we can say that it is rather negative. This could be proved if we look at the metaphors the author use he compares every man to a prisoner in a solitary tower, life to a difficult business. Another metaphor is used when he says that some people flounder at the journeys start.So we see that the author tries to make us ready for the future accidents, and to show us the difference between the past wrapped in the dark cloud of Destiny and the future. The second part was written in the form of a dialogue between the patient and our hero. We can see the despair of a stranger, because he uses short, sharp sentences, to emphasize it the author told us that they had a forcible ring. The visitor seems to be very tired of life, he is passive, but he wants to change something in it, that is why to show us the antagonistic character of the visitor, the author uses an oxymoron bright dark eyes.The third part is lyrical, and a bit romantic. In the third part, our main character comes to Seville, and tries to find that stranger. He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, his room was littered with papers, books, medical appliances and lumber but he was really happy. It could be seen from his description a dissipated, though antirely sympathetic appearance, and of course from his murmuring Life is full of compensations. The stylistic devices, used in the story, make the narration more interesting and attracting readers attention. They reveal the object of depiction in a deep manner and make the narration more emotional.The author uses the contrast on the level of the text. With its help he conveys the main idea of the text, his attitude to the characters. The syntactical pattern is not very difficult and it doesnt do any difficulty to follow the main idea. Somerset Maugham doesnt use many details. Every used detail is important from the authors view point and carefully selected. So the author used such stylistic devices as metaphor a prisoner in solitary tower, dark cloak of Destiny etc. The narrator shows the readers his attitude towards life, thinks about the value of life. Hyperbole I wouldnt exchange the life.Ive had with that of any king in the world is used to show that Stephens was very happy and wasnt concerned about material things. So, also in the story there is an inversion and repetition Poor I have been and poor I always be. Parallel syntactical constructions such as I was, I never, Ive never done, there is sunshine, there is good wine underline the importance of what Stephens told. The sentences in the story are rather simple and complete, the paragraphs are balanced. Also, there are rhetorical questions with the help of them the author tries to understand what the value of life are.There are a lot of antithesis Stephenss salary was pretty good, but his clothes where shabby, in the beginning he was an unhappy man and in the end he was a happy one, Spain is full of emotions, freedom, romantic, and England is conservative. Allusions Carmen a symbol of Spain, of freedom etc. The text is a descriptive one there are many descriptive signals a modest apartment, a total stranger, an apologetic laugh, a cursory glance, a little man, a wonderful life, trifling indisposition, a squeamish patient, a dim recollection, a Spanish woman and others. Descriptive words make the text expressive and vivid.The author employs many contextual synonyms, which make the language expressive dangerous, hazardous unwillingly, forced confused, embarrassed a total stranger, a perfect stranger alter, change twinkled, shone. The story is devoted to the problem of humans ability to change his life. For some people it is very difficult to live another life and they prefer to be in the same way all their lives. We shouldnt be afraid of new changes, because life is full of compensations. If a person is afraid to take risks and change his life, he cannot expect to gain anything. So, as they say, he that fears every bush must never go birding.

Organizational structure of the business Essay

Businesses can take different approaches on the way they building the organization of their championship. The different types of structures admit flat, matrix, and marvellous. These represent vertical, centralized and decentralized forms of organization. These different structures atomic number 18 used in different types of organization relating to the needs the clientele may require. In a tall structure on that point are m whatever levels. People of different status inwardly the concern take each level. This is hierarchical. As the levels get senior higher in the structure, the power and responsibility usually increases.In a tall structured organization there would the top layer of the structure but many at the bottom represent few people. This structure would be used in a large transaction where there would be many members of staff, many groups low different supervision. This form of organization would cause there to be a lack of colloquy passim the profession a s issues would be passed through the levels, supervisors to managers and may never reach the managing director. Elements like this in a tall structure could pass along to a lack of bind throughout the business. Flat is another flair of organizational structure.This is still of a hierarchical form yet there is less layers in the business. This is more of a democratic approach as there is a smaller span of control throughout the organization. As there is less levels in the structure there is less separate sections of power. The reduction in the amount of layers means that discourse throughout the business is capaciously improved therefore the managing director has a greater level of control everyplace the business as a whole. This would be used in a smaller business. It would consist of a managing director followed by possibly a number of directors thence supervisors then staff in a hierarchical fashion.A matrix approach can also be used. This is constructed by the business itse lf. It can be a democratic, autocratic or lassiez-faire approach or a mixture of the three. Very large businesses, PLC or LTDs use this. As the business is so large a tall matrix would not be appropriate as there would be a lack of interaction and control of the business would not be great. To prevent this happening, Boots designed a structure of its own. These are known as matrix structures. Each level has independent managers and spans of control that do not lead up or down the hierarchy of the business.Each level has independent managers and line supervisors so they are self-contained. The local span of control is the responsibility of the line manager. To keep confabulation strong at bottom the business there is a strong chain of command throughout the structure. This ensures that any problems ideas or achievement are known throughout the business. This approach keeps communication and control strong, as although there are a great number of people within the structure it is ea sy to find out what is happening at present through the chain of commanding supervisors who are responsible at that level.The different sections of the business that are present within the matrix are Boots the Chemist Wellbeing services Supply and support services Boots Healthcare international Each of these sections (levels) of the business has line managers and supervisors. These communicate through the chain of command through out the business. This gives a firm structure of a high level of control and interaction, which is within the best interests of the change surface running of the business. The diagram below shows the set out of the business and how the different sections relate to each other.Within these sections the directing and supervisory structure is set out like this throughout the business This is Richard Baker he is the chief executive of Boots PLC. He does not work in a origin but control along with Howard Dodd Paul Bateman the running nationwide of the Boots Emp ire. They convey control over every structure in every store throughout the country from managers to floor workers however it is rare they interact with any one but senior staff in the department stores. Boots to maximize the gets created the matrix structure. This shows that they have taken their own approach upon their business and changed with the times.Using a matrix structure as the business expanded to the size it is now has proved estimable and reaches an objective. Boots aimed to Develop, modernize technology and strategies. Using the matrix structure has been a form of modernizing therefore reaching a set objective. Boots aim of globalization would need to lead from a base of a stable market in the UK business sector. To gain a stable grasp in the UK economy Boots needs a stable business. The matrix structure consisting of effective interaction through out the levels and a hold on control ensures that the business runs smoothly and is stable in doing so.This reaches the objective of taking a strong hold in the UK business field, which can lead, to greater expansion and globalization. Companies can survive at a bulletproof pace without altering too much about the workings of the business. However to expand, as Boots wish to, some of the most beneficial ideas may come from staff low down in the hierarchical structure. It is for this reason that the matrix structure is extremely beneficial as communication and interaction is strong between the levels so ideas can quickly be picked up on along with problems. This benefits the performance of the business and issues are quickly picked up on.This also contributes to the working towards of the objective pertinent to expansion and customer loyalty as both business and custom seek to gain return from the matrix structures benefits and overall performance of the business as a whole. The matrix structure has many advantages that would not be applicable if the organization structure was of another form. The c hain of command within the business ensures that the communication within the different groups is regular and effective. Within the boots organization there are many different sections that count with different aspects of the business.The seven sections within the Boots group deal with their specific part of the business whether it is the chemist, retail or health care. The specialization within the business is a great advantage to all concerned. The staff employ in each of the sections are special trained in that area. Specialization is a great advantage to the business as it means that jobs can be carried out informatively and effectively. As staff is specialized in their area they provide great customer service as they are hygienic improve in the fields in which they work.Empowerment enables the staff within the different sections to have freedom to do tasks that they are delegated without supervisions. This increases moral and self-motivation, as the staff feels sure-footed and independent within the business. High motivation increases staff productivity, which improves the performance of the business. The span of control within the individual areas of the business ensures that the business is smooth running and any problems that occur can be dealt with quickly and efficiently. This is an advantage, as problems do not have to travel into other areas of the business through the chain of command.The separate sections of the business are independent in the way they work. This ensures the business has high levels of control throughout the whole business in all sections and all can be accessed quickly through the chain of command. All these are advantages that help a great deal towards improving the performance of the business for the reasons listed. Communication within Boots on that point are many different types of communication that businesses can adopt. Different forms of communication are used in different situations within a business.The main types of communication that are used now a twenty-four hours revolve around ICT. ICT stands for Information Communication Technology. Communication is used everyday from the second a business opens in the morning till the second that it closes. With out communication a business would never reach its full potential or have the smooth achievements it could achieve. Within a large business, like a PLC or LTD like boots communication is essential. Without communication different sections of the business would not operate well together and issues could quickly fall out of hand.Communication through the chain of command is so important in keeping a business afloat(predicate) and operating efficiently. Good communication ensures that the business keeps control and the top of the hierarchical structure is aware, or can easily find out the major movements from day to day. Between departments and hierarchical levels communication links must be strong as decisions and movements are often made tha t effect other departments. There are many different types of communication method. The specific sectors include Written Non-verbal.Verbal Electronic Face to face Each of these has specific areas in which it is of most benefit to use. Different types of communication are used dependant on the issue that is relevant, who is sending it, and who is receiving it. It is important that communication towards employees is regular and efficient. This is because employees need to be kept communicate of the movement of the business in all aspects. If there is product alterations or price changes employees must be informed straight away so that no problems occur within the business.Also information about extra shifts, overtime, work hours and bonuses, especially over Christmas are very important in the smooth operation and motivation of the staff. Supervisors and managers are usually the ones who would communicate with the staff. There are many methods that could be used. Employees could be in formed and communicated with by the use of notice boards. This is a shabby method, which means that everyone can see the information present. This is a good method if everyone is aware there is a notice to be seen.This could easily be ignored or not notice quickly however. Letters with the employees pay slips are a good method to use, as it is likely that a very high majority of the employees will order them. This is good if it can wait till payday for the notice to go out although still staff may not read them. A team meeting at the beginning of the day is a very efficient way of communicating with staff as issues can be raised and the employees can communicate also. This means that everyone can be informed and there are no excuses why staff ignores issues raised.Employees who have computers (not floor workers) such(prenominal) as administration areas and HRM can be communicated with many more forms of modern communication such as email and uses of the Intranet. Managers and supe rvisors need to be able to uplift communication from higher up in the chain of command and also to be able to distribute down the chain. This is very important. Higher levels in the hierarchical structure need to be able to communicate regularly and efficiently in order to hold a strong level of control over the business and make alterations and give advice where necessary.It is very important this area of the business is easy to communicate with so that no time is wasted in severe to do so. Managers in the Boots organization have offices in individual branches and headquarters some supervisors also have computer access. This enables Boots to provide computers for the staff that is a great benefit when it comes to communication. The use of computers means that these managers can be easily and quickly communicated with via the use of email, Intranet messaging and time tabled events that may be stored and altered on cyberspace software that is specific to the Boots store.Different forms of communication are used in different parts of the business depending on different factors. These factors determine the form of communication and approach taken. These are described below. Formal Informal Important Urgent Optional Open to all Sent to a specific person individual Impersonal Relaxed Who its aimed towards Who its from Confidential This all affect what type of communication are used in different situations within the business. The different categories that the forms of communication fall into are know as the channels of communication.

Culture and Ethnicity Essay

Belarus has a diverse culture and ethnicity. Statistics from the 1989 population census revealed that the Belarusian in soviet union were majority making up over 77% of the total population, the Russians cover 13. 2%, the poles 4. 1% Ukrainians 2. 9% and others who include Tatars, Lithuanians and Latvians cover 2. 9%. I am a Belarusian, a community that makes up the large majority of the people (Mongabay 2009).The Belarusian terminology is east Slavic tongue which is intimately related to Ukrainian and Russian. The language is the soul of the nation and an important aspect of culture a part from being a means of communication. The Belarusian, have diverse religious affiliations. I am a Russian orthodox Christian though other religions also exist in the region the Protestants, roman Catholics, Jewish and Muslims (Mongabay 2009).Family and community history line the current multi-culture as a product of millennium development with several external influence like physical surrounding s merger of Slavic and Baltic natives, paganism, orthodox religion interaction with literary customs, lack of natural borders and a diversity of religions. Education in Belarus region is compulsory for all the age groups seven-spot to seventeen years especially in the primary school and secondary school. During the communist reign, teaching was chiefly done in Russian with no Belarusian but this was changed in 1992 when Belarusian was made the national language and to be used in schools.The healthcare services have failed to meet the requirements of the large population, the staffs is under the weather trained and substandard technology cannot conform to new changes (Mongabay 2009). The human service organizations have created some centers like the republic centre on AIDS to service of process manage the national problem. Reference Mongabay. com (2009) Belarus Society Country Studies. Federal Research Division retrieved on 20th January 2009 from http//www. mongabay. com/reference /country_studies/belarus/SOCIETY. html

Affordable Care Act and Its Controversies

On abut 23, 2010 Pre perspectivent Obama signed the Affordable c over Act (ACA) this date is when the growing debate began. The Affordable Care Act is also commonly known as Obamacare. A large issue between the contend sides is the future of small business under this bill. Many small businesses are going to be abruptly crushed by the nutrition in Obamacare that require them to provide expensive health insurance coverage for their employees. (Snyder, Michael) 3.2 million small businesses employing 19.3 million workers nationwide were eligible last year for tax assign worth $15.4 billion or $800 per employee. (LOLGOP)These sepa aim articles counteract each other, one claiming that small business is doomed spot the other promises a happy future for small business. A nonher issue between the sides is the fact that uncomplete has a full grasp of the bill and therefore only get ups their opinions upon what they like versus dislike of the provisions. This debate seems to be bas ed between Republicans, who are stereotypically anti-Obamacare and Democrats, who are stereotypically pro-Obamacare. This essay will use different sources to describe the largest provisions and the varying stances on these provisions between the two sides.In Snyders article he destroys the ACA and shouts the predetermined catastrophic problems America faces with the ACA. His article is entitled 15 Reasons Why The Obamacare Decision Is A Mind Blowing Disaster For America. with this article, Snyder lists reasons as to why the ACA is a poor decision. Quotes from this article let in the likes of, It is hard to leave any creed in the U.S. exacting Court, and Supreme Court that is dominated by judges that discombobulate very shortsighted respect for the U.S. Constitution.Snyders article lists reasons ranging from governmental power, new taxes, and possibly most extreme decrease in life expectancy in the United States. Finally, this article ends on the note that Obamacare will add t o a greater extent than a trillion bucks to government spending over the next decade. Considering the fact that the U.S. government is already drowning in debt, how in the world can we afford this? The largest issue that people have with the bill is the mandate, which was described by Reddit poster CaspianX2 in a comment thread.The rough description of the mandate is thatit requires a person to have healthcare, and if any person who can afford healthcare chooses not to have it, they can be fined. The Supreme Court tested the constitutionality and through changing the words around a bit, the Court declared it constitutional. (CaspianX2) The biggest anti-Obamacare points include the increase in governmental strength, the new taxes upon the American people it will impose, the mandate, and governmental spending.A Harvard weigh found that 45,000 Americans die every year for lack of insurance. (LOLGOP) This shows that though the individual mandate is debated, it shows the pro-ACA viewpo int saves American lives. This article on eclectablog.com gave 18 reasons as to why the ACA is an achievement for the middle class. The healthcare reform puts a vast construct on the changes of insurance companies themselves. Insurance companies can no longer cap the dollar amount of care you can receive in a lifetime, and, Health care insurers will no longer be allowed to focusing women much than men for their coverage, are two examples of the changes insurance companies will be facing with this bill.This bill makes insurance to a greater extent come-at-able for more people, as the same eclectablog.com article states, Up to 30 million Americans who are presently not insured will be covered, saving thousands of American lives. (LOLGOP) A different article by Joshua Holland, titled Up to 30 million Americans who are currently not insured will be covered, saving thousands of American lives, highlights the concept that people can build different opinions of the bill, depending on h ow much they know about it. This article offers 10 things the common person may not know about the Affordable Care Act ranging from, the richest Americans will be paying more taxes, to how this bill benefits women, to people getting checks to help pay for their insurance. This article offers these points in a positive-bias perspective.Holland discusses how people with an income over a certain amount will be having a higher tax rate, rather than the lower-than-average rate they have now. This bill, similarly to the article by LOLGOP on eclectablog.com speaks to the idea that insurers can no longer charge women higher than men. Those with an income lower than a certain mark will be getting tax credits and subsidies to help pay for their insurance, is another point of Hollands in this article. The largest pro-Obamacare points include the newly regulated comparison between insurers charging men andwomen the same price, the raising or lowering of taxes depending on income, and how much more accessible healthcare is going to be with this bill.Many of the controversies between the sides seem to cancel each other out, where one side says something, and the other says something that directly refutes it. An example of this is with the effect the bill will have on young people. In an article by Brian Klonoski entitled, 13 Reasons Why Obamacare Sucks So Far, he states, Obamacare is more formally known as The Affordable Care Act, so it should make healthcare more affordable, right? Well, sorta. It definitely makes healthcare more affordable for some people, but it also raises premiums for others most notably, young, healthy Americans.In a different article, by Todd Essig, he discusses why Obamacare is good for the young and healthy. The three reasons he lists are as follows they will have health insurance should catastrophe strike, theyll get prescriptions for routine care, and theyll have more skin in the bet of self-care. (Essig)Both sides of healthcare reform has ex tremist opinions, one being that of the tea-party conservatives and the other that of the radical liberals. However, not republicans are anti-ACA and not all democrats are pro-ACA though, most do fit the stereotype. Whether a person is anti-ACA or pro-ACA, they should learn the in-and-out of the bill, and not just pick and choose which issues to argue and make decisions about. Doing that will lead to well-rounded opinions and eventually, decisions made on this largely debated healthcare reform.